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- Battle_of_Verdun abstract "The Battle of Verdun (Bataille de Verdun, IPA: [bataj də vɛʁdœ̃], Schlacht um Verdun, IPA: [ʃlaxt ˀʊm ˈvɛɐdœŋ]), fought from 21 February – 18 December 1916, was one of the largest battles of the First World War on the Western Front between the German and French armies. The battle took place on the hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse in north-eastern France. The German 5th Army attacked the defences of the Région Fortifiée de Verdun (RFV) and those of the Second Army garrisons on the right bank of the Meuse, intending to rapidly capture the Côtes de Meuse (Meuse Heights), from which Verdun could be overlooked and bombarded with observed artillery fire. The German strategy aimed to provoke the French to attack to drive the Germans off the heights. The Germans made important gains early in the battle but the French quickly contained the German advance and were able to recapture much of the lost territory towards the end of the year, despite the demands of the Battle of the Somme (1 July – 18 November) in Picardy to the north-west.The German strategy assumed that the French would attempt to hold on to the east bank of the Meuse and then commit the French strategic reserve to recapture it. The French would suffer catastrophic losses from German artillery-fire, while the German infantry held positions that were easy to defend and suffer fewer losses. The German plan was based on the experience of the Second Battle of Champagne (Herbstschlacht from September and October 1915), when after early success, the French offensive was defeated with far more French than German casualties. Poor weather delayed the beginning of the German Verdun offensive (Unternehmen Gericht/Operation Judgement) until 21 February; French construction of defensive lines and the arrival of reinforcements before the opening attack, delayed the German advance despite many French losses. By 6 March, 20 1⁄2 French divisions were in the RFV and a more extensive defence in depth had been constructed. Pétain ordered that no withdrawals were to be made and that counter-attacks were to be conducted, despite exposing French infantry to fire from the German artillery. By 29 March, French artillery on the west bank had begun a constant bombardment of German positions on the east bank, that caused many German infantry casualties.In March, the German offensive was extended to the left (west) bank, to gain observation of the ground from which French artillery had been firing over the river, into the flank of the German infantry on the east bank. The German troops were able to make substantial advances but French reinforcements contained the attacks short of their objectives. In early May, the Germans changed tactics and made local attacks and counter-attacks, which gave the French an opportunity to begin an attack against Fort Douaumont. Part of the fort was occupied, until a German counter-attack recaptured the fort and took numerous prisoners. The Germans changed tactics again, alternating their attacks on both banks of the Meuse and in June captured Fort Vaux. The Germans continued the offensive beyond Vaux, towards the last geographical objectives of the original plan, at Fleury-devant-Douaumont and Fort Souville. German attacks drove a salient into the French defences, captured Fleury and came within 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) of the Verdun citadel.The German offensive was reduced to provide artillery and infantry reinforcements for the Somme front, where the Anglo-French relief offensive began on 1 July. During local operations, the village of Fleury changed hands sixteen times from 23 June to 17 August. A German attempt to capture Fort Souville in early July was repulsed by artillery and small-arms fire. To supply reinforcements for the Somme front, the German offensive was reduced further, along with attempts to deceive the French into expecting more attacks, to keep French reinforcements away from the Somme. In August and December, French counter-offensives recaptured much of the ground lost on the east bank and recovered Fort Douaumont and Fort Vaux. An estimate in 2000, found a total of 714,231 casualties, 377,231 French and 337,000 German, an average of 70,000 casualties for each month of the battle; other recent estimates increase the number of casualties to 976,000, with 1,250,000 suffered at Verdun from 1914 to 1918. The Battle of Verdun lasted for 303 days and became the longest and one of the most costly battles in human history.".
- Battle_of_Verdun causalties "315,000–542,000 (156,000–162,000 killed) February–December 1916".
- Battle_of_Verdun combatant "France".
- Battle_of_Verdun combatant "German Empire".
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Adolphe_Guillaumat.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Auguste_Hirschauer.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Charles_Mangin.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Erich_von_Falkenhayn.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Ewald_von_Lochow.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Fernand_de_Langle_de_Cary.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Frédéric-Georges_Herr.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Georg_von_der_Marwitz.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Joseph_Joffre.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Max_von_Gallwitz.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Noël_Édouard,_vicomte_de_Curières_de_Castelnau.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Philippe_Pétain.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Robert_Nivelle.
- Battle_of_Verdun commander Wilhelm,_German_Crown_Prince.
- Battle_of_Verdun date "1916-12-20".
- Battle_of_Verdun isPartOfMilitaryConflict Western_Front_(World_War_I).
- Battle_of_Verdun place French_Third_Republic.
- Battle_of_Verdun place Verdun.
- Battle_of_Verdun result "French victory".
- Battle_of_Verdun strength "1,140,000 soldiers in from 75–85divisions".
- Battle_of_Verdun strength "1,250,000 soldiers in".
- Battle_of_Verdun thumbnail Battle_of_Verdun_map.png?width=300.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageExternalLink 15.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageExternalLink verdun-1916.pdf.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageExternalLink The-Battle-of-Verdun.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageExternalLink www.verdun14-18.de.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Rossbach.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Somme.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Yser.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Beaumont-en-Auge.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Big_Bertha_(howitzer).
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Canon_de_75_modèle_1897.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:1916_in_France.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battle_of_Verdun.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_involving_the_French_Foreign_Legion.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_France.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Germany.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_of_the_Western_Front_(World_War_I).
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Conflicts_in_1916.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Category:Philippe_Pétain.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Cause_célèbre.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Charlemagne.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Charles_de_Gaulle.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Christian_de_Castries.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Compagnie_des_forges_et_acixc3xa9ries_de_la_marine_et_dHomxc3xa9court.
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- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Cuisy,_Meuse.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Cumières-le-Mort-Homme.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Denis_Auguste_Duchêne.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Diphosgene.
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Division_(military).
- Battle_of_Verdun wikiPageWikiLink Douaumont_Ossuary.