Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basal_ganglia> ?p ?o }
- Basal_ganglia abstract "The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) comprise multiple subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates, which are situated at the base of the forebrain. Basal ganglia nuclei are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions including: control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors or \"habits\" such as bruxism, eye movements, cognition and emotion.The main components of the basal ganglia – as defined functionally – are the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. It is important to note, however, that the dorsal striatum and globus pallidus may be considered anatomically distinct from the substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, and subthalamic nucleus. Each of these components has a complex internal anatomical and neurochemical organization. The largest component, the striatum (dorsal and ventral), receives input from many brain areas beyond the basal ganglia, but only sends output to other components of the basal ganglia. The pallidum receives input from the striatum, and sends inhibitory output to a number of motor-related areas. The substantia nigra is the source of the striatal input of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays an important role in basal ganglia function. The subthalamic nucleus receives input mainly from the striatum and cerebral cortex, and projects to the globus pallidus.Currently, popular theories implicate the basal ganglia primarily in action selection; that is, it helps determine the decision of which of several possible behaviors to execute at any given time. In more specific terms, the basal ganglia's primary function is likely to control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas so that voluntary movements can be performed smoothly. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia exert an inhibitory influence on a number of motor systems, and that a release of this inhibition permits a motor system to become active. The \"behavior switching\" that takes place within the basal ganglia is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in executive functions.The importance of these subcortical nuclei for normal brain function and behavior is emphasized by the numerous and diverse neurological conditions associated with basal ganglia dysfunction, which include: disorders of behavior control such as Tourette syndrome, hemiballismus, and obsessive–compulsive disorder; dystonia; addiction; and movement disorders, the most notable of which are Parkinson's disease, which involves degeneration of the dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and Huntington's disease, which primarily involves damage to the striatum. The basal ganglia have a limbic sector whose components are assigned distinct names: the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). There is considerable evidence that this limbic part plays a central role in reward learning, particularly a pathway from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens that uses the neurotransmitter dopamine. A number of highly addictive drugs, including cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine, are thought to work by increasing the efficacy of this dopamine signal. There is also evidence implicating overactivity of the VTA dopaminergic projection in schizophrenia.".
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- Basal_ganglia isPartOfAnatomicalStructure Cerebrum.
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- Basal_ganglia thumbnail Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg?width=300.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageExternalLink medpix.html?mode=image_finder&action=search&srchstr=basal%20ganglia&srch_type=all.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageExternalLink 2210-5336.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageExternalLink www.ibags.info.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholine.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Action_selection.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Addiction.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Cools.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Amphetamine.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Anatomical_terms_of_location.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Anatomy.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Antipsychotic.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Anxiety_disorder.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Athymhormic_syndrome.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Axon.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Blepharospasm.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Brainstem.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Bruxism.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Basal_ganglia.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Biology_of_obsessive–compulsive_disorder.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Motor_system.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Caudate_nucleus.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Central_complex.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Dystonia.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Ganglion.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Globus_pallidus.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Glutamic_acid.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Grey_matter.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Hemiballismus.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Hindbrain.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Huntingtons_disease.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Indirect_pathway_of_movement.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Lateral_corticospinal_tract.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Learning.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Major_depressive_disorder.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Medium_spiny_neuron.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Metencephalon.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Nicotine.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Nucleus_(neuroanatomy).
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Obsessive–compulsive_disorder.
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- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink PANDAS.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Parkinsons_disease.
- Basal_ganglia wikiPageWikiLink Pars_compacta.