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- Barium_star abstract "Barium stars are spectral class G to K giants, whose spectra indicate an overabundance of s-process elements by the presence of singly ionized barium, Ba II, at λ 455.4 nm. Barium stars also show enhanced spectral features of carbon, the bands of the molecules CH, CN and C2. The class was originally recognized and defined by William Bidelman and Philip Keenan.Observational studies of their radial velocity suggested that all barium stars are binary stars Observations in the ultraviolet using International Ultraviolet Explorer detected white dwarfs in some barium star systems.Barium stars are believed to be the result of mass transfer in a binary star system. The mass transfer occurred when the now-observed giant star was on the main sequence. Its companion, the donor star, was a carbon star on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), and had produced carbon and s-process elements in its interior. These nuclear fusion products were mixed by convection to its surface. Some of that matter \"polluted\" the surface layers of the main-sequence star as the donor star lost mass at the end of its AGB evolution, and it subsequently evolved to become a white dwarf. These systems are being observed at an indeterminate amount of time after the mass transfer event, when the donor star has long been a white dwarf, and the \"polluted\" recipient star has evolved to become a red giant.During its evolution, the barium star will at times be larger and cooler than the limits of the spectral types G or K. When this happens, ordinarily such a star is spectral type M, but its s-process excesses may cause it to show its altered composition as another spectral peculiarity. While the star's surface temperature is in the M-type regime, the star may show molecular features of the s-process element zirconium, zirconium oxide (ZrO) bands. When this happens, the star will appear as an \"extrinsic\" S star.Historically, barium stars posed a puzzle, because in standard stellar evolution theory G and K giants are not far enough along in their evolution to have synthesized carbon and s-process elements and mix them to their surfaces. The discovery of the stars' binary nature resolved the puzzle, putting the source of their spectral peculiarities into a companion star which should have produced such material. The mass transfer episode is believed to be quite brief on an astronomical timescale. The mass transfer hypothesis predicts that there should be main-sequence stars with barium star spectral peculiarities. At least one such star, HR 107, is known.Prototypical barium stars include zeta Capricorni, HR 774, and HR 4474.The CH stars are Population II stars with similar evolutionary state, spectral peculiarities, and orbital statistics, and are believed to be the older, metal-poor analogs of the barium stars.".
- Barium_star wikiPageID "8821432".
- Barium_star wikiPageLength "4270".
- Barium_star wikiPageOutDegree "33".
- Barium_star wikiPageRevisionID "682840241".
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Asymptotic_giant_branch.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Barium.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Binary_star.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink CH_star.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_star.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Category:Star_types.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Convection.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Diatomic_carbon.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Giant_star.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink International_Ultraviolet_Explorer.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Main_sequence.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Mass_transfer.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Observational_study.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Philip_Childs_Keenan.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Radial_velocity.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Red_giant.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink S-process.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Spectrum.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Stellar_classification.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Stellar_evolution.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Stellar_population.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Ultraviolet.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Wavelength.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink White_dwarf.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink William_Bidelman.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Zeta_Capricorni.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLink Zirconium.
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLinkText "Barium star".
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLinkText "Barium".
- Barium_star wikiPageWikiLinkText "barium star".
- Barium_star wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Barium_star wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Star.
- Barium_star subject Category:Star_types.
- Barium_star hypernym G.
- Barium_star type Device.
- Barium_star comment "Barium stars are spectral class G to K giants, whose spectra indicate an overabundance of s-process elements by the presence of singly ionized barium, Ba II, at λ 455.4 nm. Barium stars also show enhanced spectral features of carbon, the bands of the molecules CH, CN and C2.".
- Barium_star label "Barium star".
- Barium_star sameAs Q808220.
- Barium_star sameAs نجوم_الباريوم.
- Barium_star sameAs Estel_de_bari.
- Barium_star sameAs Barium-Stern.
- Barium_star sameAs Estrella_de_bario.
- Barium_star sameAs Bariozko_izar.
- Barium_star sameAs ستاره_باریومی.
- Barium_star sameAs Bariumtähti.
- Barium_star sameAs Étoile_à_baryum.
- Barium_star sameAs Báriumcsillag.
- Barium_star sameAs Stella_al_bario.
- Barium_star sameAs バリウム星.
- Barium_star sameAs 바륨별.
- Barium_star sameAs Estrela_de_bário.
- Barium_star sameAs m.027kz0h.
- Barium_star sameAs Бариевая_звезда.
- Barium_star sameAs Барієва_зоря.
- Barium_star sameAs Q808220.
- Barium_star sameAs 鋇星.
- Barium_star wasDerivedFrom Barium_star?oldid=682840241.
- Barium_star isPrimaryTopicOf Barium_star.