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- Balsam_woolly_adelgid abstract "Balsam woolly adelgids (Adelges piceae) are small wingless insects that infest and kill firs, especially balsam fir and Fraser fir. They are an invasive species from Europe introduced to the United States around 1900.Because this species is not native to the United States, the Fraser fir has not evolved any type of defense against it. These insects typically lay about one hundred eggs and have three generations per year. The adelgid attacks the tree by feeding in fissures within the bark of trees larger than about four centimeters in diameter at breast height. As it feeds, it releases toxins contained within its saliva. These toxins reduce the conductance of sapwood being built, which causes water stress and kills the trees.The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in North Carolina and Tennessee contains about 75% of all southern spruce-fir ecosystems. These ecosystems covered vast portions of the Southeast during the last ice age, when the climate was cool and moist. Since the retreat of the glaciers, this ecosystem has been confined to the higher elevations in the mountains of the Southeastern United States. The spruce-fir forest has evolved as an island, away from any other ecosystems of its type. This has presented valuable research and a unique habitat. These forests have a very dense canopy and a moist understory.Since the invasion of the balsam woolly adelgid, discovered in 1957, Fraser fir mortality rates have been 90-99%. Although some areas are being regenerated by young firs, there is much change in understory composition, including invasion by both woody and herbaceous species. Red Spruce, the spruce component of the spruce fir ecosystem, has also been suffering declines. Some researchers attribute these declines to damage from wind, which is usually blocked by the firs. Balsam woolly adelgids have destroyed about 95% of the Fraser firs in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, creating \"ghost forests\". One concern is that acid rain and the deterioration of the ozone, among other pollutants are contributing to a weak immune system for the Fraser firs and making them more susceptible to the balsam woolly adelgids. The Spruce-fir moss spider, which lives on moss mats below the forest canopy, is considered endangered due to the decline of the Fraser fir.The Balsam woolly adelgid also has a significant impact on Pacific Northwest forests. Specifically, grand fir, silver fir and subalpine fir in Washington and Oregon all can serve as a host. Extensive mortality due to this pest in the Cascade Mountain range was recorded during the 1950s and 1960s. Land area affected by the adelgid in the Pacific Northwest has increased from 83,325 acres (337 km²) in 2004 to 108,128 acres (438 km²) in 2005.".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid binomialAuthority Julius_Theodor_Christian_Ratzeburg.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid class Insect.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid family Adelgidae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid family Phylloxeroidea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid genus Adelges.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid kingdom Animal.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid order Hemiptera.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid phylum Arthropod.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid thumbnail Balsam_woolly_adelgid.gif?width=300.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageID "30862466".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageLength "4209".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageOutDegree "42".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageRevisionID "673266286".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Abies_amabilis.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Abies_balsamea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Abies_grandis.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Abies_lasiocarpa.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Acid_rain.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Adelges.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Adelgidae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Animal.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Arthropod.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Canopy_(biology).
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Cascade_Range.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Insect_pests_of_temperate_forests.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Phylloxeroidea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Fir.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Fissure.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Fraser_fir.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Glacier.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Hemiptera.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Herbaceous_plant.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Ice_age.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Insect.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Invasive_species.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Julius_Theodor_Christian_Ratzeburg.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Oregon.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Ozone.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Phylloxeroidea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Picea_rubens.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Pollutant.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Saliva.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Southeastern_United_States.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Southern_Appalachian_spruce–fir_forest.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Spruce-fir_moss_spider.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Tennessee.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Toxin.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Understory.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Washington_(state).
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink Wood.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLink File:GhostFraserFirs.JPG.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLinkText "Balsam woolly adelgid".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageWikiLinkText "balsam woolly adelgid".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid binomial "Adelges piceae".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid classis "Insecta".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid familia Adelgidae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid genus "Adelges".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid imageCaption "Adult Balsam woolly adelgid".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid imageWidth "250".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid name "Balsam Woolly Adelgid".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid ordo Hemiptera.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid phylum "Arthropoda".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid regnum "Animalia".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid species "A. piceae".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid superfamilia Phylloxeroidea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Taxobox.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid subject Category:Insect_pests_of_temperate_forests.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid subject Category:Phylloxeroidea.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid hypernym Insects.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Animal.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Eukaryote.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Insect.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Species.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Pest.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Thing.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Q1390.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Q19088.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid type Q729.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid comment "Balsam woolly adelgids (Adelges piceae) are small wingless insects that infest and kill firs, especially balsam fir and Fraser fir. They are an invasive species from Europe introduced to the United States around 1900.Because this species is not native to the United States, the Fraser fir has not evolved any type of defense against it. These insects typically lay about one hundred eggs and have three generations per year.".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid label "Balsam woolly adelgid".
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Q1382443.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Adelges_piceae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Tannenstammlaus.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs m.0712r4.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Adelges_piceae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Adelges_piceae.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid sameAs Q1382443.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid wasDerivedFrom Balsam_woolly_adelgid?oldid=673266286.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid depiction Balsam_woolly_adelgid.gif.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid isPrimaryTopicOf Balsam_woolly_adelgid.
- Balsam_woolly_adelgid name "Balsam Woolly Adelgid".