Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arab–Byzantine_wars> ?p ?o }
- Arab–Byzantine_wars abstract "The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars between the mostly Arab Muslims and the East Roman or Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. Started during the initial Muslim conquests under the expansionist Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs in the 7th century and continued by their successors until the mid-11th century.The eruption of the Arabs from the Arab Peninsula (now Saudi Arabia) in the 630s resulted in the rapid loss of Byzantium's southern provinces (Syria and Egypt) to the Muslims. Over the next fifty years, under the aggressive Umayyad caliphs, the Muslims would launch repeated raids into still-Byzantine Asia Minor, twice threaten the Byzantine capital, Constantinople with conquest, and outright conquer the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa. The situation did not stabilize until after the failure of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 718, when the Taurus Mountains on the eastern rim of Asia Minor became established as the mutual, heavily fortified and largely depopulated frontier. Under the Abbasid Empire, relations became more normal, with embassies exchanged and even periods of truce, but conflict remained the norm, with almost annual raids and counter-raids, sponsored either by the Abbasid government or by local rulers, well into the 10th century.During the first centuries, the Byzantines were usually in the defensive, and avoided open field battles, preferring to retreat to their fortified strongholds. Only after 740 did they begin to launch counterstrikes of their own, but still the Abbasid Empire was able to retaliate with often massive and destructive invasions of Asia Minor. With the decline and fragmentation of the Abbasid state after 861 and the concurrent strengthening of the Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty, the tide gradually turned. Over a period of fifty years from ca. 920 to 976, the Byzantines finally broke through the Muslim defences and restored their control over northern Syria and Greater Armenia. The last century of the Arab–Byzantine wars was dominated by frontier conflicts with the Fatimids in Syria, but the border remained stable until the appearance of a new people, the Seljuk Turks, after 1060.The Muslims also took to the sea, and from the 650s on, the entire Mediterranean Sea became a battleground, with raids and counter-raids being launched against islands and the coastal settlements. Muslim raids reached a peak in the 9th and early 10th centuries, after their conquest of Crete, Malta and Sicily, with their fleets reaching the coasts of France and Dalmatia and even the suburbs of Constantinople.".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "15pxEastern Roman Empire".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "22pxFatimid Caliphate".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "23pxRashidun Caliphate".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "24pxAbbasid Caliphate".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "24px|borderUmayyad Dynasty".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Aghlabids".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Armenian principalities".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Bulgarian Empire".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Emirate of Bari".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Emirate of Crete".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Emirate of Sicily".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Ghassanids".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "HamdanidsofAleppo".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Italian city-states".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Kingdom of Italy".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Mardaites".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars combatant "Mirdasidsof Aleppo".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abd_Allah_ibn_Rawahah.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Salih.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abdallah_al-Battal.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abdallah_ibn_Sad.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abu_Bakr.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abu_Ubaidah_ibn_al-Jarrah.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Abu_l-Aghlab_al-Abbas_ibn_al-Fadl.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Al-Aziz_Billah.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Al-Mamun.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Al-Mutasim.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Amr_ibn_al-As.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Asad_ibn_al-Furat.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Bardas_Phokas_the_Elder.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Basil_II.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Constans_II.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Constantine_IV.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Constantine_V.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander George_Maniakes.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Gregory_the_Patrician.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Harun_al-Rashid.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Heraclius.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Heraclius_(brother_of_Tiberius_III).
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Himerios_(admiral).
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Ibrahim_II_of_Ifriqiya.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Ikrimah_ibn_Abi_Jahl.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Irene_of_Athens.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Jafar_ibn_Abi_Talib.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander John_I_Tzimiskes.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander John_Kourkouas.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Justinian_II.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Khafaga_ibn_Sufyan.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Khalid_ibn_al-Walid.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Leo_Phokas_the_Younger.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Leo_V_the_Armenian.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Leo_of_Tripoli.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Leontios.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Manjutakin.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Manuel_the_Armenian.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Maslama_ibn_Abd_al-Malik.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Michael_Bourtzes.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Michael_Lachanodrakon.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Muawiya_ibn_Hisham.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Muawiyah_I.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Muhammad_ibn_Marwan.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Nikephoros_I.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Nikephoros_II_Phokas.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Nikephoros_Ouranos.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Niketas_Ooryphas.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Sayf_al-Dawla.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Sharhabeel_ibn_Hasana.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Tatzates.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Theodore_Trithyrius.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Theophilos_(emperor).
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Umar.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Umar_al-Aqta.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Yazid_I.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars commander Yazid_ibn_Abi_Sufyan.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars isPartOfMilitaryConflict Early_Muslim_conquests.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars place Anatolia.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars place Crete.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars place Diocese_of_Egypt.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars place North_Africa.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars place Sicily.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars result "Overall Muslim Arab gains".
- Arab–Byzantine_wars territory Levant.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars territory Mesopotamia.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars territory North_Africa.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars thumbnail Greekfire-madridskylitzes1.jpg?width=300.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink cambridgemedieva04buryuoft.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink books?id=IvPVEb17uzkC.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink 0700-0800,_Theophanes_Abbas_Confessor,_Chronographia_(CSHB_Classeni_Recensio),_GR.pdf.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink z_1050-1150__Ioannes_Zonaras__Annales_(Libri_01_15)_(MPG_0134_0039_1414)__GM.pdf.html.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink yarmuk.html.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=-R0G0Enf58AC&dq=Haldon,+Warfare,+Byzantine+Society.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=1U4rUaLdYnQC&dq=Howard-Johnston,+East+Rome,+Sasanian+Persia+and+the+End+of+Antiquity.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=1nvvDMWN-iEC&dq=Heraclius,+battle+of+Tabuk.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=2GD6og3c15IC&dq=muslim+conquest+of+Egypt.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=Qf8mrHjfZRoC&dq=muslim+conquest+of+Antioch.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=XdFqgSBTYeYC&dq=muslim+conquest+of+Antioch.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=c788wWR_bLwC&dq=Late+Antiquity:+A+Guide+to+the+Postclassical+World.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC&dq=Gregory,+Arab,+Exarchate,+Gennadius.
- Arab–Byzantine_wars wikiPageExternalLink ?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&dq=Rhodes,+Arab,+655.