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- Ancient_warfare abstract "Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe and the Near East, the end of antiquity is often equated with the Fall of Rome in 476, the wars of the Eastern Roman Empire on its Southwestern Asian and North African borders, and the beginnings of the Muslim conquests in the 7th century. In China, it can also be seen as ending with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north in the 5th century and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in 618. In India, the ancient period ends with the decline of the Gupta Empire (6th century) and the beginning of the Muslim conquests there from the 8th century. In Japan, the ancient period can be taken to end with the rise of feudalism in the Kamakura period in the 12-13th century.The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, and then empires, allowed warfare to change dramatically. Beginning in Mesopotamia, states produced sufficient agricultural surplus so that full-time ruling elites and military commanders could emerge. While the bulk of military forces were still farmers, the society could support having them campaigning rather than working the land for a portion of each year. Thus, organized armies developed for the first time.These new armies could help states grow in size and became increasingly centralized. Early ancient armies continued to primarily use bows and spears, the same weapons that had been developed in prehistoric times for hunting. The findings at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, established that inter-group conflict and warfare existed in antiquity. Early armies in Egypt and China followed a similar pattern of using massed infantry armed with bows and spears.Infantry were at this time the dominant form of war, partially because the camel saddle and the stirrup were not yet invented. This infantry would be divided into ranged and shock, with shock infantry either charging to cause penetration of the enemy line or holding their own. These forces would ideally be combined, thus presenting your opponent with a dilemma: group your forces and leave them vulnerable to ranged, or spread them out and make them vulnerable to shock. This balance would eventually change as technology allowed for chariots, cavalry, and artillery to play an active role on the field. Cavalry would, however, not play any major role until the invention of the stirrup (for shock and heavy cavalry, such as knights) or thumb ring (for horse archers).No clear line can be drawn between ancient and medieval warfare. The characteristic properties of medieval warfare, notably heavy cavalry and siege engines such as the trebuchet were first introduced in Late Antiquity. The main division within the ancient period is rather at the beginning Iron Age with the introduction of cavalry (resulting in the decline of chariot warfare), of naval warfare (Sea Peoples), and the development of an industry based on ferrous metallurgy which allowed for the mass production of metal weapons and thus the equipment of large standing armies.The first military power to profit from these innovations was the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which achieved a hitherto unseen extent of centralized control, the first \"world power\" to extend over the entire Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia, the Levant and Egypt).".
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageExternalLink www.worldmuseumofman.org.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageExternalLink polemos.htm.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageExternalLink sling.html.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageID "962433".
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageLength "52560".
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageOutDegree "404".
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageRevisionID "701751446".
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink A_History_of_Warfare.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Achaea_(ancient_region).
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Afghanistan.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_the_Great.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Amphipolis.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Egypt.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Macedonian_army.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Macedonians.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Near_East.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_history.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Anyang.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Arabian_Sea.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Archery.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Arminius.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Armour.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Army.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Arthashastra.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Artillery.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ashoka.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Aspis.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Assassination.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Assyria.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Athens.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Augustus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Avaris.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Axe.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ayodhya.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ballista.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Bardylis.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battering_ram.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Actium.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Adrianople.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Ager_Falernus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Alesia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Aquae_Sextiae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Artemisium.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Cannae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Carchemish.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Carrhae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chaeronea_(338_BC).
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Corupedium.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Cunaxa.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Cynoscephalae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Edessa.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Fei_River.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gabiene.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gaixia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gaugamela.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gergovia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Geronium.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Ipsus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Issus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Jingxing.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Kadesh.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lade.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Magnesia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Marathon.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Megiddo_(15th_century_BC).
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Megiddo_(609_BC).
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Munda.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Muye.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mycale.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Paraitakene.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Pharsalus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Plataea.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Pteria.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Pydna.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Qarqar.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Raphia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Red_Cliffs.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Salamis.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thermopylae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thymbra.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Ticinus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Tigranocerta.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Vercellae.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Vosges_(58_BC).
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Wei_River.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Zama.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Allia.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Altai_Mountains.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Catalaunian_Plains.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Hydaspes.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Metaurus.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Persian_Gate.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Ten_Kings.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest.
- Ancient_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Trebia.