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- Amino_acid_activation abstract "Amino acid activation refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its Transfer RNA (tRNA). Aminoacyl transferase binds Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to amino acid, PP is released. Aminoacyl transferase binds AMP-amino acid to tRNA. The AMP is used in this step.Amino Acid ActivationDuring amino acid activation the amino acids (aa) are attached to their corresponding tRNA. The coupling reactions are catalysed by a group of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (named after the reaction product aminoacyl-tRNA or aa-tRNA). The coupling reaction proceeds in two steps:1. aa + ATP aa-AMP + PP, (pyrophosphate)2. aa-AMP + tRNA aa-tRNA + AMPThe amino acid is coupled to the penultimate nucleotide at the 3’-end of the tRNA (the A in the sequence CCA) via an ester bond (roll over in illustration). The formation of the ester bond conserves a considerable part of the energy from the activation reaction. This stored energy provides the majority of the energy needed for peptide bond formation during translation.Each of the 20 amino acids are recognized by its specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The synthetases are usually composed of one to four protein subunits. The enzymes vary considerably in structure although they all perform the same type of reaction by binding ATP, one specific amino acid and its corresponding tRNA.The specificity of the amino acid activation is as critical for the translational accuracy as the correct matching of the codon with the anticodon. The reason is that the ribosome only sees the anticodon of the tRNA during translation. Thus, the ribosome will not be able to discriminate between tRNAs with the same anticodon but linked to different amino acids.The error frequency of the amino acid activation reaction is approximately 1 in 10 000 despite the small structural differences between some of the amino acids.".
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageID "25359223".
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageLength "2057".
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageOutDegree "5".
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageRevisionID "678441864".
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageWikiLink Aminoacyltransferase.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Acidic_amino_acids.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageWikiLink Transfer_RNA.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Biochem-stub.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multiple_issues.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Orphan.
- Amino_acid_activation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unreferenced.
- Amino_acid_activation subject Category:Acidic_amino_acids.
- Amino_acid_activation comment "Amino acid activation refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its Transfer RNA (tRNA). Aminoacyl transferase binds Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to amino acid, PP is released. Aminoacyl transferase binds AMP-amino acid to tRNA. The AMP is used in this step.Amino Acid ActivationDuring amino acid activation the amino acids (aa) are attached to their corresponding tRNA.".
- Amino_acid_activation label "Amino acid activation".
- Amino_acid_activation sameAs Q4746428.
- Amino_acid_activation sameAs m.09glxjc.
- Amino_acid_activation sameAs Q4746428.
- Amino_acid_activation wasDerivedFrom Amino_acid_activation?oldid=678441864.
- Amino_acid_activation isPrimaryTopicOf Amino_acid_activation.