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- Alexandrium_catenella abstract "Alexandrium catenella is a dinoflagellate. It is among the group of Alexandrium species that produce toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, and is a cause of red tide. These organisms have been found in the west coast of North America, Japan, Australia, and parts of South Africa.Alexandrium catenella can occur in single cells (similar to A. fundyense), but more often they are seen in short chains of 2, 4, or 8 cells. The organism is typically 20–25 µm in length and 25–32 µm in width. The cells are compressed both in the anterior and posterior ends of this specimen. Alexandrium has two flagella that enable it to swim. While one flagellum encircles the cell causing the cell the rotate and move forward, the other extends behind the cell and controls the direction. In some instances, these organisms can appear like small trains moving in the water under a microscope.The dinoflagellate produces saxitoxin, which is a highly potent neurotoxin. If consumed, this toxin can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). By ingesting saxitoxin, humans can suffer from numbness, ataxia, incoherence, and in extreme cases respiratory paralysis and death. The toxin was discovered in 1927 in central California. Shellfish poisoning affected over a hundred humans, and now saxitoxin is recognized as one of the most deadly algal toxins.These algal blooms have caused severe disruptions in the fisheries of these waters, and have caused filter-feeding shellfish in affected waters to become poisonous for human consumption. Because of this, A. catenella is categorized as a Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species. While in some areas the causes of HABs appears to be completely natural, in others, they appear to be a result of human activity, which is often coastal water pollution and over-fertilization.Some important limiting factors include growth that is stimulated by the supply of ammonia and inorganic nitrogen. The optimal growth conditions for A. catenella include a cool temperature of around 17 to 23 °C, a medium light illumination of 3500 to 4000 lux, and a high salinity of around 26 to 32 percent.".
- Alexandrium_catenella class Dinophyceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella domain Eukaryote.
- Alexandrium_catenella genus Alexandrium_(genus).
- Alexandrium_catenella kingdom Chromalveolata.
- Alexandrium_catenella order Gonyaulacaceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella order Gonyaulacales.
- Alexandrium_catenella phylum Alveolate.
- Alexandrium_catenella phylum Dinoflagellate.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageID "39592578".
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageLength "4741".
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageOutDegree "16".
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageRevisionID "668101305".
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Alexandrium_(genus).
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Alveolate.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Ataxia.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink California.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dinoflagellates.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Chromalveolata.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Dinoflagellate.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Dinophyceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryote.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Flagellum.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Gonyaulacaceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Gonyaulacales.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Neurotoxin.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Paralytic_shellfish_poisoning.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLink Saxitoxin.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageWikiLinkText "Alexandrium catenella".
- Alexandrium_catenella binomial "Alexandrium catenella".
- Alexandrium_catenella classis Dinophyceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella domain Eukaryote.
- Alexandrium_catenella genus "Alexandrium".
- Alexandrium_catenella ordo Gonyaulacales.
- Alexandrium_catenella phylum Dinoflagellate.
- Alexandrium_catenella regnum Chromalveolata.
- Alexandrium_catenella subordo Gonyaulacaceae.
- Alexandrium_catenella supecies "A. catenella".
- Alexandrium_catenella superphylum Alveolate.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Alexandrium_catenella wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Taxobox.
- Alexandrium_catenella subject Category:Dinoflagellates.
- Alexandrium_catenella hypernym Dinoflagellate.
- Alexandrium_catenella type Eukaryote.
- Alexandrium_catenella type Species.
- Alexandrium_catenella type Thing.
- Alexandrium_catenella type Q19088.
- Alexandrium_catenella comment "Alexandrium catenella is a dinoflagellate. It is among the group of Alexandrium species that produce toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, and is a cause of red tide. These organisms have been found in the west coast of North America, Japan, Australia, and parts of South Africa.Alexandrium catenella can occur in single cells (similar to A. fundyense), but more often they are seen in short chains of 2, 4, or 8 cells. The organism is typically 20–25 µm in length and 25–32 µm in width.".
- Alexandrium_catenella label "Alexandrium catenella".
- Alexandrium_catenella sameAs Q16974037.
- Alexandrium_catenella sameAs m.0w1fqgc.
- Alexandrium_catenella sameAs Q16974037.
- Alexandrium_catenella wasDerivedFrom Alexandrium_catenella?oldid=668101305.
- Alexandrium_catenella isPrimaryTopicOf Alexandrium_catenella.