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- Air_raids_on_Japan abstract "Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people. During the first years of the Pacific War, sparked by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945.The United States military air campaign waged against Japan began in earnest in mid-1944 and intensified during the war's last months. While plans for attacks on Japan had been prepared prior to the Pacific War, these could not begin until the long-range B-29 Superfortress bomber was ready for combat. From June 1944 until January 1945, B-29s stationed in India staged through bases in China to make a series of raids on Japan, but this effort proved unsuccessful. The strategic bombing campaign was greatly expanded from November 1944 when bases in the Mariana Islands became available as a result of the Mariana Islands Campaign. These attacks initially attempted to target industrial facilities, but from March 1945 were generally directed against urban areas as much of the manufacturing process was carried out in small workshops and private homes. Aircraft flying from Allied aircraft carriers and the Ryukyu Islands also frequently struck targets in Japan during 1945 in preparation for the planned invasion of Japan scheduled for October 1945. During early August 1945, the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were struck and mostly destroyed by atomic bombs.Japan's military and civil defenses were unable to stop the Allied attacks. The number of fighter aircraft and anti-aircraft guns assigned to defensive duties in the home islands was inadequate, and most of these aircraft and guns had difficulty reaching the high altitudes at which B-29s often operated. Fuel shortages, inadequate pilot training, and a lack of coordination between units also constrained the effectiveness of the fighter force. Despite the vulnerability of Japanese cities to firebombing attacks, the firefighting services lacked training and equipment, and few air raid shelters were constructed for civilians. As a result, the B-29s were able to inflict severe damage on urban areas while suffering few losses.The Allied bombing campaign was one of the main factors which influenced the Japanese government's decision to surrender in mid-August 1945. However, there has been a long-running debate over the morality of the attacks on Japanese cities, and the use of atomic weapons is particularly controversial. The most commonly cited estimate of Japanese casualties from the raids is 333,000 killed and 473,000 wounded. There are a number of other estimates of total fatalities, however, which range from 241,000 to 900,000. In addition to the loss of mostly civilian life, the raids caused extensive damage to Japan's cities and contributed to a large decline in industrial production.".
- Air_raids_on_Japan causalties "20th Air Force: 414 aircraft, over 2,600 killed".
- Air_raids_on_Japan causalties "5th Air Force: 31 aircraft".
- Air_raids_on_Japan causalties "7th Air Force: 12 aircraft".
- Air_raids_on_Japan causalties "VII Fighter Command: 157 aircraft, 91 killed".
- Air_raids_on_Japan date "1942-04-18".
- Air_raids_on_Japan isPartOfMilitaryConflict Pacific_War.
- Air_raids_on_Japan place Japanese_archipelago.
- Air_raids_on_Japan result "Allied victory".
- Air_raids_on_Japan thumbnail Incendaries-b29.jpg?width=300.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageExternalLink AFD-090529-036.pdf.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageExternalLink AH93(W).pdf.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageExternalLink www.japanairraids.org.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageExternalLink books?id=4p1pDSXzZZUC&dq=Raid+on+Yawata.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageOutDegree "412".
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageRevisionID "708152921".
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 10th_Air_Division_(Japan).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 11th_Air_Division_(Japan).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 11th_Airborne_Division_(United_States).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 12th_Air_Division_(Japan).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 1_November_1944_reconnaissance_sortie_over_Japan.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 313th_Air_Division.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 315th_Air_Division.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 3d_Space_Operations_Squadron.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 505th_Bombardment_Group.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 509th_Composite_Group.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 58th_Air_Division.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink 73d_Air_Division.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink A._C._Grayling.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink APQ-7.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Aerial_ramming.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Air-raid_shelter.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Air_General_Army.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Aircraft_carrier.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Akashi,_Hyōgo.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Aleutian_Islands_Campaign.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Allies_of_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Amagasaki.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Arida,_Wakayama.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Atsuta-ku,_Nagoya.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Attack_on_Yokosuka.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Attu_Island.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Barrett_Tillman.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Iwo_Jima.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Midway.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Okinawa.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bengal.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Blackout_(wartime).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bockscar.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Boeing_B-29_Superfortress.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Aomori_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Chiba_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Hiratsuka_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Kobe_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Kure_(July_1945).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Kōfu_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Nagoya_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Okazaki_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Osaka.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Sendai_during_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Shizuoka_in_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Singapore_(1944–45).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Tokyo.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombing_of_Yawata_(June_1944).
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bombsight.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Bonin_Islands.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink British_Pacific_Fleet.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Cabinet_of_Japan.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Andrew_Spaatz.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_history_of_Japan_during_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Category:World_War_II_strategic_bombing_of_Japan.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Central_District_Army.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Sweeney.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Chengdu.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Chiang_Kai-shek.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Chūbu_region.
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- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Claire_Lee_Chennault.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Clark_Air_Base.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Combat_radius.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Combined_Bomber_Offensive.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Conflagration.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Consolidated_B-24_Liberator.
- Air_raids_on_Japan wikiPageWikiLink Consolidated_B-32_Dominator.