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- Adaptor_hypothesis abstract "The adaptor hypothesis is part of a scheme to explain how information encoded in DNA is used to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins. It was formulated by Francis Crick in the mid-1950s, together with the central dogma of molecular biology and the sequence hypothesis. It first appeared in an informal publication of the RNA Tie Club in 1955 and was formally published in an article “On Protein Synthesis” in 1958.ExplanationThe adaptor hypothesis was framed to explain how information could be extracted from a nucleic acid and used to put together a string of amino acids in a specific sequence, that sequence being determined by the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) template. Crick proposed that each amino acid is first attached to its own specific “adaptor” piece of nucleic acid (in an enzyme-catalysed reaction). The order of assembly of the amino acids is then determined by a specific recognition between the adaptor and the nucleic acid which is serving as the informational template. In this way the amino acids could be lined up by the template in a specific order. Coupling between adjacent amino acids would then lead to the synthesis of a polypeptide whose sequence is determined by the template nucleic acid.BasisCrick’s thinking behind this proposal was based on a general consideration of the chemical properties of the two classes of molecule — nucleic acids and proteins. The amino acids are characterised by having a variety of side chains which vary from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic: their individual characters reside in the very different properties these side chains have. By contrast, a nucleic acid is composed of a string of nucleotides whose sequence presents a geometrically defined surface for hydrogen bonding. This makes nucleic acids good at recognising each other, but poor at distinguishing the varied side chains of amino acids. It was this apparent lack of any possibility of specific recognition of amino acid side chains by a nucleotide sequence which led Crick to conclude that amino acids would first become attached to a small nucleic acid — the adaptor — and that this, by base-pairing with the template (presumably as occurs between DNA strands in the double helix), would carry the amino acids to be lined up on the template.ProofThat such adaptors do exist was discovered by Mahlon Hoagland and Paul Zamecnik in 1958. These “soluble RNAs” are now called transfer RNAs and mediate the translation of messenger RNAs on ribosomes according to the rules contained in the genetic code. Crick imagined that his adaptors would be small, perhaps 5-10 nucleotides long. In fact, they are much larger, having a more complex role to play in protein synthesis, and are closer to 100 nucleotides in length.".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageExternalLink Y.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageExternalLink 241.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageID "11521413".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageLength "3137".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageOutDegree "21".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageRevisionID "654203481".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Molecular_biology.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme_catalysis.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Francis_Crick.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Genetic_code.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_bond.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Hydrophile.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Hydrophobe.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Mahlon_Hoagland.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Messenger_RNA.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Nucleic_acid.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Paul_Zamecnik.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Peptide_sequence.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink RNA.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink RNA_Tie_Club.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Ribosome.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Sequence_hypothesis.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLink Transfer_RNA.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLinkText "Adaptor hypothesis".
- Adaptor_hypothesis wikiPageWikiLinkText "adaptor hypothesis".
- Adaptor_hypothesis subject Category:Molecular_biology.
- Adaptor_hypothesis hypernym Part.
- Adaptor_hypothesis comment "The adaptor hypothesis is part of a scheme to explain how information encoded in DNA is used to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins. It was formulated by Francis Crick in the mid-1950s, together with the central dogma of molecular biology and the sequence hypothesis.".
- Adaptor_hypothesis label "Adaptor hypothesis".
- Adaptor_hypothesis sameAs Q4680781.
- Adaptor_hypothesis sameAs Adapterhypothese.
- Adaptor_hypothesis sameAs m.02rgpt9.
- Adaptor_hypothesis sameAs Адаптерна_гіпотеза.
- Adaptor_hypothesis sameAs Q4680781.
- Adaptor_hypothesis wasDerivedFrom Adaptor_hypothesis?oldid=654203481.
- Adaptor_hypothesis isPrimaryTopicOf Adaptor_hypothesis.