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- Abtalion abstract "Abht'alyon, also Avtalyon, Avtalion and Abtalion (Hebrew: אבטליון) was a rabbinic sage in the early pre-Mishnaic era who lived at the same time as Sh'maya.A leader of the Pharisees during the 1st century BC and by tradition vice-president of the great Sanhedrin of Jerusalem. He was of heathen descent (Bab. Yoma, 71b; 'Eduy. v.6; Giṭ. 57b; Yer. M. Ḳ. iii.81b; see Weiss, Dor Dor we-Dorshaw, i.1, and Landau, p. 319). Despite this fact, Abtalion, as well as his colleague, Shemaiah, the president of the Sanhedrin, was one of the most influential and beloved men of his time. Once, when the high priest was being escorted home from the Temple by the people, at the close of a Day of Atonement, the Talmud (Yoma, 71b) relates that the crowd deserted him upon the approach of Abtalion and his colleague and followed them. Abtalion used his influence with the people in persuading the men of Jerusalem, in the year 37 BC, to open the gates of their city to Herod the Great. The king was not ungrateful and rewarded Abtalion, or, as Josephus calls him, Pollion, with great honors (Josephus, Ant. xv.1, § 1). Although there is no doubt that, in this passage of Josephus, Abtalion is meant by this name Pollion (the original form of the name is presumably Ptollion, which explains both the prefixed A in the Talmud and the omission of the t in Josephus), in another place (Ant. xv.10, § 4), where this name recurs, it is doubtful whether Abtalion is intended or not. Josephus relates there how Herod exacted the oath of allegiance under penalty of death, and continues: \"He desired also to compel Pollion, the Pharisee, and Sameas, together with the many who followed them, to take this oath; they, however, refused to do this, but nevertheless were not punished as were others who had refused to take it, and this indeed out of consideration for Pollion.\" Since this episode took place in the eighteenth year of Herod's reign (20 or 19 BC), this Pollion can not have been Abtalion, who died long before, as we learn from authoritative Talmudic sources, according to which Hillel, the pupil and successor of Abtalion, was the leader of the Pharisees about 30 BC. It is probable, therefore, that Josephus was misled by the similarity of the names Shemaiah and Shammai, and so wrote \"Pollion and Sameas\" instead of \"Hillel and Shammai.\"Very little is known concerning the life of Abtalion. He was a pupil of Judah ben Tabbai and Simeon ben Shetach, and probably lived for some time in Alexandria, Egypt, where he and also his teacher Judah took refuge when Alexander Jannaeus cruelly persecuted the Pharisees. This gives pertinence to his well-known maxim (Ab. i.12), \"Ye wise men, be careful of your words, lest ye draw upon yourselves the punishment of exile and be banished to a place of bad water (dangerous doctrine), and your disciples, who come after you, drink thereof and die, and the name of the Holy One thereby be profaned.\" He cautions the rabbis herein against participation in politics (compare the maxim of his colleague) as well as against emigration to Egypt, where Greek ideas threatened danger to Judaism. Abtalion and his colleague Shemaiah are the first to bear the title darshan (Pes. 70a — meaning \"preacher\"), and it was probably by no mere chance that their pupil Hillel was the first to lay down hermeneutic rules for the interpretation of the Midrash; he may have been indebted to his teachers for the tendency toward haggadic interpretation. These two scholars are the first whose sayings are recorded in the Haggadah (Mek., Beshallaḥ, iii.36, ed. Weiss.). The new method of derush (Biblical interpretation) introduced by Abtalion and Shemaiah seems to have evoked opposition among the Pharisees (Pes. 70b. Compare also Josephus, l.c., Παλλίων ό φαρισαιος, where a title is probably intended). Abtalion and Shemaiah are also the first whose halakot (legal decisions) are handed down to later times. Among them is the important one that the paschal lamb must be offered even if Passover falls on a Sabbath (Pes. 66a). Abtalion's academy was not free to every one, but those who sought entrance paid daily a small admission fee of one and a half tropaika; that is, about twelve cents (Yoma, 35b). This was no doubt to prevent overcrowding by the people, or for some reasons stated by the Shammaites (Ab. R. N. iii. [iv.] 1).The tombs of Shmaya and Avtalyon are located in Jish, a Maronite Christian village in the Galilee.".
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- Abtalion wikiPageRevisionID "691019937".
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Jannaeus.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greece.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Converts_to_Judaism_from_paganism.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mishnah_rabbis.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pirkei_Avot_rabbis.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Zugot.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Galilee.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Gentile.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink God.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Haggadah.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Halakha.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Hamburger.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Heinrich_Graetz.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Hermeneutics.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Herod_the_Great.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Hillel_the_Elder.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Isaac_Hirsch_Weiss.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Jerusalem.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Jish.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Derenbourg.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Josephus.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Judah_ben_Tabbai.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Judaism.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Landau.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Levi_Herzfeld.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Louis_Ginzberg.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Maxim_(philosophy).
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Midrash.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Mishnah.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Nehemiah_Brüll.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Passover.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Passover_sacrifice.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Pharisees.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Rabbinic_Judaism.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Sanhedrin.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Shabbat.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Shmaya_(tanna).
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Simeon_ben_Shetach.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Solomons_Temple.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Talmud.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLink Yom_Kippur.
- Abtalion wikiPageWikiLinkText "Abtalion".
- Abtalion article "Abtalion, Pollion".
- Abtalion author Louis_Ginzberg.
- Abtalion url "http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=645&letter=A".
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Eras_of_the_Halakha.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:JewishEncyclopedia.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-he.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:More_footnotes.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Redirect.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Wikiquotepar.
- Abtalion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Zugot.
- Abtalion subject Category:Converts_to_Judaism_from_paganism.
- Abtalion subject Category:Mishnah_rabbis.
- Abtalion subject Category:Pirkei_Avot_rabbis.
- Abtalion subject Category:Zugot.
- Abtalion hypernym Sage.
- Abtalion type Person.
- Abtalion type Source.
- Abtalion comment "Abht'alyon, also Avtalyon, Avtalion and Abtalion (Hebrew: אבטליון) was a rabbinic sage in the early pre-Mishnaic era who lived at the same time as Sh'maya.A leader of the Pharisees during the 1st century BC and by tradition vice-president of the great Sanhedrin of Jerusalem. He was of heathen descent (Bab. Yoma, 71b; 'Eduy. v.6; Giṭ. 57b; Yer. M. Ḳ. iii.81b; see Weiss, Dor Dor we-Dorshaw, i.1, and Landau, p. 319).".
- Abtalion label "Abtalion".
- Abtalion sameAs Q2750624.
- Abtalion sameAs Abtalion.
- Abtalion sameAs אבטליון_(זוגות).
- Abtalion sameAs m.08w9z1.
- Abtalion sameAs Q2750624.
- Abtalion sameAs אבטליון.
- Abtalion wasDerivedFrom Abtalion?oldid=691019937.
- Abtalion isPrimaryTopicOf Abtalion.