Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Abdul_Hamid_II> ?p ?o }
- Abdul_Hamid_II abstract "Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî; Turkish: İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective autocratic control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline in the power and extent of the Ottoman Empire, including widespread pogroms and government-sanctioned massacres of Armenians, Kurds, Bulgarians, as well as an assassination attempt, ruling from 31 August 1876 until he was deposed shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, on 27 April 1909. He promulgated the first Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 23 December 1876, primarily to ward off foreign intervention, which was a sign of progressive thinking that marked his early rule. But due to his conviction of Western influence on Ottoman affairs, and the parliament's push for the war with Russia, which he opposed, Abdul Hamid suspended the short-lived Ottoman Constitution and parliament in 1878 and seized absolute power, ending the first constitutional era of the Ottoman Empire. Abdul Hamid's 1909 removal from the throne was hailed by most Ottoman citizens, who welcomed the return to constitutional rule after three decades.Despite his conservatism and despotic rule, evidence of modernization of the Ottoman Empire occurred during Abdul Hamid's long reign, including reform of the bureaucracy, the extension of the Rumelia Railway and Anatolia Railway and the construction of the Baghdad Railway and Hejaz Railway, the establishment of a system for population registration and control over the press, the founding of the first modern law school in 1898, and the modernization of the army. The most far-reaching of his reforms were in education; 18 professional schools were established; Darülfünun, later known as the University of Istanbul, was founded (1900); and a network of secondary, primary, and military schools was extended throughout the empire. Also, the Ministry of Justice was reorganized, and railway and telegraph systems were developed. Between 1871 and 1908, the Sublime Porte thus reached a new degree of organizational elaboration and articulation. The Abdul Hamid II Photo Collection given to the USA and present at the Library of Congress is a monumental portrayal of the Ottoman Empire during the time of his reign. It is a testimony to Sultan Abulhamid's efforts to upgrade public services across the Nation. The 1,819 photographs in 51 large-format albums date from about 1880 to 1893. They highlight the modernization of numerous aspects of the Ottoman Empire, featuring images of educational facilities and students; well-equipped army and navy personnel and facilities; technologically advanced lifesaving and fire fighting brigades; factories; mines; harbors; hospitals; and government buildings. Most of the places depicted are within the boundaries of modern-day Turkey, but buildings and sites in Iraq, Lebanon, Greece and other countries are also included.He was named by his opposition as the Red Sultan or Abdul the Damned due to claimed oppression of minorities under his rule and use of a secret police to silence dissent, but today that claim is challenged by contemporary scholars who downplay the magnitude and the reason for the deportation and what it entailed.".
- Abdul_Hamid_II activeYearsEndYear "1909".
- Abdul_Hamid_II activeYearsStartYear "1876".
- Abdul_Hamid_II birthDate "1842-09-21".
- Abdul_Hamid_II birthDate "1842-09-22".
- Abdul_Hamid_II birthPlace Istanbul.
- Abdul_Hamid_II birthPlace Topkapı_Palace.
- Abdul_Hamid_II birthYear "1842".
- Abdul_Hamid_II deathDate "1918-02-10".
- Abdul_Hamid_II deathPlace Beylerbeyi_Palace.
- Abdul_Hamid_II deathPlace Istanbul.
- Abdul_Hamid_II deathYear "1918".
- Abdul_Hamid_II parent Abdülmecid_I.
- Abdul_Hamid_II parent Rahime_Perestu_Sultan.
- Abdul_Hamid_II parent Tirimüjgan_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II parent Valide_sultan.
- Abdul_Hamid_II predecessor Murad_V.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Bedrifelek_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Behice_Hanımefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Bidar_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Fatma_Pesend_Hanımefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Mezide_Mestan_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Müşfikâ_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Nazikedâ_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Peyveste_Hanımefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II spouse Saliha_Naciye_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II successor Mehmed_V.
- Abdul_Hamid_II thumbnail Portrait_of_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg?width=300.
- Abdul_Hamid_II title "Amir al-Mu'minin".
- Abdul_Hamid_II title "Caliph of Islam".
- Abdul_Hamid_II title "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques".
- Abdul_Hamid_II title "Sultan of the Ottoman Empire".
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageExternalLink ahiiquery.html.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageExternalLink abdul-hamid-ii.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageExternalLink documents-in-english-f7.html.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageExternalLink index.php?showforum=7.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageExternalLink id.36080.1.html.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageID "18950786".
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageLength "76254".
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageOutDegree "631".
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageRevisionID "708229905".
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink 31_March_Incident.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Abdul_the_Damned.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Abdurrahman_Nurettin_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Abdülaziz_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Abdülmecid_I.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Abkhazians.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Adapazarı.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Aegean_Sea.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Arifi_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Hamdi_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Niyazi_Bey.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Nureddin_Efendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_Vefik_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmed_‘Urabi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ahmet_Tevfik_Pasha.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Albania.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Aleppo.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Gorchakov.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Amir_al-Muminin.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ammiyya.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Ankara.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink April_Uprising.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Armenians.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Artvin.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Athens.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Austrians.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Autocracy.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Baghdad_Railway.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Balmoral_Castle.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Beijing.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Batumi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bedrifelek_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Behice_Hanımefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Beirut.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bergen_op_Zoom.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bey.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Beylerbeyi_Palace.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Beylik_of_Tunis.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Beyoğlu.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Beşiktaş.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bidar_Kadınefendi.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bobigny.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bobigny_Cemetery.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bogotá.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bosphorus.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Boxer_Rebellion.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Budapest.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Bulgarian_unification.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Cairo.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Caliphate.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Cannes.
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Captain_(armed_forces).
- Abdul_Hamid_II wikiPageWikiLink Carpentry.