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- ATP_hydrolysis abstract "ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life.The description and typical textbook labeling anhydridic bonds as \"high energy . . bonds\" can be very misleading to students. These bonds are in fact relatively weak. They do involve high energy electrons but the bonds themselves are quite easy to break. As noted below, energy is released by the hydrolysis of ATP when these weak bonds are broken - requiring a small input of energy, followed by the formation of new bonds and the release of a larger amount of energy as the total energy of the system is lowered and becomes more stable.Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups in ATP is especially exergonic, because the resulting orthophosphate group is greatly stabilized by multiple resonance structures, making the products (ADP and Pi) much lower in energy than the reactant (ATP). The high negative charge density associated with the three adjacent phosphate units of ATP also destabilizes the molecule, making it higher in energy. Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions, liberating useful energy in the process by causing conformational changes in enzyme structure.Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process, releasing 30.5 kJ mol−1 energy. This reaction can then be coupled with thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to give an overall negative (spontaneous) ΔG for the reaction sequence. The actual value of ΔG for ATP hydrolysis varies, primarily depending on Mg2+ concentration, and under normal physiologic conditions is actually closer to -50 kJ mol−1.In humans, approximately 60 percent of the energy released from the hydrolysis of one mole of ATP produces metabolic heat rather than fuel the actual reactions taking place.Due to the acid-base properties of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, the hydrolysis of ATP has the effect of lowering the pH of the reaction medium. Under certain conditions, high levels of ATP hydrolysis can contribute to lactic acidosis.".
- ATP_hydrolysis thumbnail Adenosintriphosphat_protoniert.svg?width=300.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageID "1524792".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageLength "4428".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageOutDegree "22".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageRevisionID "705329975".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_diphosphate.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_monophosphate.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cellular_respiration.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Exercise_physiology.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_energy.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Dephosphorylation.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Electrochemical_gradient.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Exergonic_process.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink High-energy_phosphate.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Hydrolysis.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Lactic_acidosis.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Mechanical_energy.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Mole_(unit).
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Muscle.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Muscle_contraction.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Phosphate.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink Resonance_(chemistry).
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink File:Adenosindiphosphat_protoniert.svg.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink File:Adenosintriphosphat_protoniert.svg.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLink File:Ortho_resonance.svg.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "ATP hydrolysis".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "ATP-hydrolysis".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "ATP-hydrolyzing".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "hydrolyze".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "hydrolyzed".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageWikiLinkText "hydrolyzing".
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- ATP_hydrolysis wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- ATP_hydrolysis subject Category:Cellular_respiration.
- ATP_hydrolysis subject Category:Exercise_physiology.
- ATP_hydrolysis hypernym Reaction.
- ATP_hydrolysis type Disease.
- ATP_hydrolysis comment "ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (Pi).".
- ATP_hydrolysis label "ATP hydrolysis".
- ATP_hydrolysis sameAs Q4654881.
- ATP_hydrolysis sameAs m.057z6t.
- ATP_hydrolysis sameAs Q4654881.
- ATP_hydrolysis wasDerivedFrom ATP_hydrolysis?oldid=705329975.
- ATP_hydrolysis depiction Adenosintriphosphat_protoniert.svg.
- ATP_hydrolysis isPrimaryTopicOf ATP_hydrolysis.