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- 1998_Tour_de_France abstract "The 1998 Tour de France was the 85th Tour de France and took place between 11 July and 2 August 1998. For the first time the tour started in Ireland. The 1998 tour was marred by several doping scandals throughout, together known as the Festina affair, starting with the arrest of Willy Voet, a soigneur in the French Festina team. Initially the doping suspicion only surrounded the two teams Festina and TVM, but later investigations and retrospective tests revealed the doping abuse was far more widespread. Therefore, this edition of the Tour also became nicknamed by many media sources, as the \"Tour du Dopage\" (Tour of Doping).In 2004, 60 remaining antidoping samples given by riders during the 1998 Tour, were tested retrospectively for recombinant EPO by using three recently developed detection methods. The results of these tests were published to have returned 44 positives and 9 negatives, with the remaining 7 samples not returning any result due to sample degradation. At first, the rider names with a positive sample were not made public, as it had only been conducted as scientific research.In July 2013, the antidoping committee of the French Senate however decided it would benefit the current doping fight to shed full light on the past, and so decided - as part of their \"Commission of Inquiry into the effectiveness of the fight against doping\" report - to publish all sample IDs along with the result of the retrospective test. This publication revealed, that the 9 negative samples belonged to 5 riders (of whom two nevertheless had confessed using EPO in that Tour), while the 44 positive samples belonged to 33 riders - including race winner Marco Pantani, runner-up Jan Ullrich, third on the podium Bobby Julich, and points-competition winner Erik Zabel. Bobby Julich had already one year prior publication of his positive test, admitted using EPO from August 1996 to July 1998. When combining the EPO abuse confessions of the two riders testing negative with all the positive test results, it was indicated that 35 out of the 38 retrospectively tested riders (92%) had been using EPO in the 1998 Tour de France.In addition to those 92% of the 38 riders in the retrospective test, who either tested EPO positive or confessed EPO abuse, 9 out of 9 Festina riders and 2 out of 9 TVM riders, who were not tested by the retrospective test but implicated in prior police investigations, also confessed using EPO in the Tour. Finally at least five more riders, who were neither retrospectively tested nor a part of TVM/Festina, opted later on also to confess having doped with EPO in the 1998 edition of the Tour. All in all, more than 50 riders have now been confirmed either by tests/confessions, to have used EPO doping during the 1998 Tour de France.The 1998 edition of Tour de France was won by Marco Pantani, with podium placing of Jan Ullrich, the defending champion, and American Bobby Julich. Erik Zabel won his third consecutive green jersey in the points classification. Christophe Rinero claimed the polka dot jersey as the winner of the mountains classification.".
- 1998_Tour_de_France thumbnail Route_of_the_1998_Tour_de_France.png?width=300.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageExternalLink stage21.html.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageExternalLink tdf98.html.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageExternalLink tdf1998.html.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageExternalLink homepage_courseTDF.html.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageLength "80553".
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageRevisionID "706124392".
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink 1991_Tour_de_France.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink 1997_Tour_de_France.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink 1999_Giro_dItalia.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink 1999_Tour_de_France.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink AG2R_La_Mondiale.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Aart_Vierhouten.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_Olano.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Aix-les-Bains.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Alain_Turicchia.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Alberto_Elli.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Albertville.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Alex_Zülle.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Alexei_Sivakov.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Amphetamine.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Analgesic.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Andrea_Tafi_(cyclist).
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Andrey_Teteryuk.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Blood_doping.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Bo_Hamburger.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Bobby_Julich.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Caffeine.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cap_dAgde.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Carpentras.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:1998_Tour_de_France.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:1998_in_Swiss_sport.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:1998_in_road_cycling.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cycle_racing_in_Ireland.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:Doping_cases_in_cycling.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Category:Tour_de_France_by_year.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cees_Priem.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Champs-Élysées.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cholet.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Chris_Boardman.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Christian_Henn.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Christophe_Agnolutto.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Christophe_Mengin.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Christophe_Moreau.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Christophe_Rinero.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Châteauroux.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Combativity_award_in_the_Tour_de_France.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Controlled_substance.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cork_(city).
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Corrèze.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cycling_team.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Cédric_Vasseur.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Damien_Nazon.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Daniele_Nardello.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Diego_Ferrari.
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- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Dublin.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Eddy_Mazzoleni.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Enniscorthy.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Eric_Rijkaert.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Erik_Zabel.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Ermanno_Brignoli.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Eros_Poli.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Erythropoietin.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Evgeni_Berzin.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink FDJ_(cycling_team).
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Fabiano_Fontanelli.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Fabio_Roscioli.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Fabio_Sacchi.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Festina_affair.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Festina_cycling_team.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Filippo_Simeoni.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Francesco_Frattini.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Franck_Bouyer.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink Frankie_Andreu.
- 1998_Tour_de_France wikiPageWikiLink François_Simon_(cyclist).