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- Étienne_Bazeries abstract "Étienne Bazeries (21 August 1846 Port Vendres – 7 November 1931 Noyon) was a French military cryptanalyst active between 1890 and the First World War. He is best known for developing the \"Bazeries Cylinder\", an improved version of Thomas Jefferson's cipher cylinder. It was later refined into the US Army M-94 cipher device. Historian David Kahn describes him as \"the great pragmatist of cryptology. His theoretical contributions are negligible, but he was one of the greatest natural cryptanalysts the science has seen.\" (Kahn 1996, p244)Bazeries was born in Port-Vendres, France, the son of a mounted policeman. In 1863 he enlisted in the army, and fought in the Franco-Prussian War, where he was taken prisoner, although he later managed to escape disguised as a bricklayer. In 1874 he was promoted to lieutenant, and sent to Algeria in 1875. He returned to France the following year and married Marie-Louise-Elodie Berthon, with whom he would father three daughters: Césarine, Fernande and Paule.He apparently became interested in cryptography through solving cryptograms in newspapers' personal columns, and soon applied his cryptanalytic skills in a military context when, in 1890, he solved messages enciphered with the official French military transposition system, causing the War Ministry to change to a new scheme. In an effort to prompt reform within the government and enhance national security, Bazeries further exposed weaknesses in French cipher systems. In 1891, news of his talent had spread, and he began work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Bureau du Chiffre. Bazeries continued his cryptanalytic work there even after he retired from the Army in 1899, assisting in solving German military ciphers during World War I. However, many of Bazeries recommendations to the government for improvements in official cipher systems met severe bureaucracy and rebuffs, which became a constant source of frustration for him in an otherwise illustrious career. He retired in 1924, aged 78.In the 1890s he broke a famous nomenclator system called the \"Great Cipher\", created by the Rossignols in the 17th century. One of the messages referred to the famous Man in the Iron Mask and provided a possible solution to the mystery. His influential 1901 text Les Chiffres secrets dévoilés (\"Secret ciphers unveiled\") is considered a landmark in cryptographic literature.".
- Étienne_Bazeries thumbnail Les_Chiffres_Secrets_Devoiles,_by_Etienne_Bazeries,_1901,_with_illustration_of_Bazeriess_Cylindrical_Cryptograph_-_National_Cryptologic_Museum_-_DSC07723.JPG?width=300.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageID "401047".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageLength "3589".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageOutDegree "31".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageRevisionID "705583980".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Algeria.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Bricklayer.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Bureau_du_Chiffre.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Category:1846_births.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Category:1931_deaths.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Category:French_cryptographers.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_history_of_France.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pre-computer_cryptographers.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Cipher.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Cryptanalysis.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Cryptogram.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Cryptography.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink David_Kahn_(writer).
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink France.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Franco-Prussian_War.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Great_Cipher.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_disk.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Lieutenant.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink M-94.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Man_in_the_Iron_Mask.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Police_officer.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Port-Vendres.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Prisoner_of_war.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Rosario_Candela.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Rossignols.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_Jefferson.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink Transposition_cipher.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink World_War_I.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLink File:Les_Chiffres_Secrets_Devoiles,_by_Etienne_Bazeries,_1901,_with_illustration_of_Bazeriess_Cylindrical_Cryptograph_-_National_Cryptologic_Museum_-_DSC07723.JPG.
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLinkText "Commandant Bazeries".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageWikiLinkText "Étienne Bazeries".
- Étienne_Bazeries wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Étienne_Bazeries subject Category:1846_births.
- Étienne_Bazeries subject Category:1931_deaths.
- Étienne_Bazeries subject Category:French_cryptographers.
- Étienne_Bazeries subject Category:Military_history_of_France.
- Étienne_Bazeries subject Category:Pre-computer_cryptographers.
- Étienne_Bazeries hypernym Cryptanalyst.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Person.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Scientist.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Cryptographer.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Diacritic.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Mathematician.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Redirect.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Scientist.
- Étienne_Bazeries type Thing.
- Étienne_Bazeries comment "Étienne Bazeries (21 August 1846 Port Vendres – 7 November 1931 Noyon) was a French military cryptanalyst active between 1890 and the First World War. He is best known for developing the \"Bazeries Cylinder\", an improved version of Thomas Jefferson's cipher cylinder. It was later refined into the US Army M-94 cipher device. Historian David Kahn describes him as \"the great pragmatist of cryptology.".
- Étienne_Bazeries label "Étienne Bazeries".
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Q289375.
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Étienne_Bazeries.
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Étienne_Bazeries.
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- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Étienne_Bazeries.
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs m.023w31.
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Базери,_Этьен.
- Étienne_Bazeries sameAs Q289375.
- Étienne_Bazeries wasDerivedFrom Étienne_Bazeries?oldid=705583980.
- Étienne_Bazeries depiction Les_Chiffres_Secrets_Devoiles,_by_Etienne_Bazeries,_1901,_with_illustration_of_Bazeriess_Cylindrical_Cryptograph_-_National_Cryptologic_Museum_-_DSC07723.JPG.
- Étienne_Bazeries isPrimaryTopicOf Étienne_Bazeries.