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- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski abstract "Stanisław II August (also Stanisław August Poniatowski; born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798) was the last King and Grand Duke of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95). He remains a controversial figure in Polish history. Recognized as a great patron of the arts and sciences and a supporter of progressive reforms, he is also remembered as the last king of the Commonwealth whose election was marred by serious irregularities, and the one who failed to prevent Poland's destruction.Arriving at the Russian imperial court in Saint Petersburg in 1755, he became romantically involved with the twenty-six-year-old Catherine Alexeievna (the future Empress Catherine the Great, reigned 1762–1796), three years his senior. With her support, in 1764 he was elected king of Poland. Against expectations, he attempted to reform and strengthen the ailing Commonwealth. His efforts met with external opposition from Prussia, Russia and Austria, all interested in keeping the Commonwealth weak; and from internal conservative interests, which saw reforms as threatening their traditional liberties and prerogatives.The defining crisis of his early reign, the War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772), led to the First Partition of Poland (1772). The latter part of his reign saw reforms wrought by the Great Sejm (1788–1792) and the Constitution of 3 May 1791. These reforms were overthrown by the 1792 Targowica Confederation and by the War in Defense of the Constitution, leading directly to the Second Partition of Poland (1793), the Kościuszko Uprising (1794) and the final Third Partition of Poland (1795), marking the end of the Commonwealth. Stripped of all meaningful power, Poniatowski abdicated in November 1795 and spent the last years of his life in semi-captivity in Saint Petersburg.A Polish noble of the Ciołek coat of arms and a member of the Poniatowski family, he was the son of Count Stanisław Poniatowski, Castellan of Kraków, and Princess Konstancja Czartoryska; brother of Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (1736–94), Primate of Poland; and uncle to Prince Józef Poniatowski, (1763–1813).".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski birthDate "1732-01-17".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski birthPlace Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski birthPlace Vowchyn.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathDate "1798-02-12".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathPlace Russian_Empire.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathPlace Saint_Petersburg.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski thumbnail Signature_of_Stanisław_August_Poniatowski.PNG?width=300.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink em.cz.w.interia.pl.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink poniatowski.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink stanaugust.html.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink Kronika_Warszawy-r1985-t16-n1_2_%2861-62%29-s175-178.pdf.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink en,King-Stanisaw-August.html.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink Stanislaw,August,Poniatowski,(1732-1798),1965.html.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink www.sejm-wielki.pl.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageExternalLink doccontent?from=rss&id=138339.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageID "350061".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski wikiPageRevisionID "645177955".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski after Alexander_I_of_Russia.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski after Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski after Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski after Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski alternativeNames "Poniatowski, Stanisław Antoni".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski as Congress_Poland.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski as Duchy_of_Warsaw.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski as Grand_Duchy_of_Posen.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski as Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski before Augustus_III_of_Poland.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski birthPlace Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski birthPlace Vowchyn.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski caption "Stanisław II August in coronation clothes".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski coronation "1764-11-25".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski coronation "St. John's Archcathedral (Warsaw)".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski coronation "St. John's Cathedral, Warsaw".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski dateOfBirth "1732-01-17".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski dateOfDeath "1798-02-12".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathDate "1798-02-12".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathPlace Russian_Empire.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski deathPlace Saint_Petersburg.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski father Stanis%C5%82aw_Poniatowski_(1676%E2%80%931762).
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski hasPhotoCollection Stanisław_August_Poniatowski.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski house House_of_Poniatowski.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski imageSize "200".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue El%C5%BCbieta_Szyd%C5%82owska.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue Michal_Grabowski.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue "Anna Petrovna, Grand Duchess of Russia".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue "Isabella Grabowska".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue "Kazimierz Grabowski".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue "Konstancja Grabowska".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue "Stanisław Konopnicy-Grabowski".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue Konstancja_%C5%BBwanowa.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issue Micha%C5%82_Cichocki.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issueLink "#Issue".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski issuePipe "Details...".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski mother Konstancja_Czartoryska_(1700%E2%80%931759).
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski name "Poniatowski, Stanisław August".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski name "Stanisław II August".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski placeOfBirth "Wołczyn, Poland".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski placeOfBurial St._John's_Archcathedral_(Warsaw).
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski placeOfDeath "Saint Petersburg, Russia".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski predecessor Augustus_III_of_Poland.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski reign "--01-07".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski rows "2".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski rows "4".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski rows "5".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski shortDescription "King of Poland".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski signature "Signature of Stanisław August Poniatowski.PNG".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski succession List_of_Polish_monarchs.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski succession List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski successor Partitions_of_Poland.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski title List_of_Polish_monarchs.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski title List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski years "1764".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski description "King of Poland".
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:1732_births.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:1798_deaths.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:18th-century_Polish_people.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Burials_at_St._John's_Archcathedral,_Warsaw.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Catherine_the_Great.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Deaths_from_stroke.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Diplomats_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Grand_Dukes_of_Lithuania.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Honorary_Members_of_the_St_Petersburg_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Imperial_Russian_military_personnel.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Male_lovers_of_Russian_royalty.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Members_of_the_Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Members_of_the_Sejm_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Military_personnel_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Monarchs_who_abdicated.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:People_from_Kamyanyets_Raion.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Polish_Roman_Catholics.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Polish_monarchs.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Polish_writers_in_French.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Poniatowski_family.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Andrew.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland).
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Roman_Catholic_monarchs.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski subject Category:Targowica_confederates.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski type 18th-centuryPolishPeople.
- Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski type Aristocrat109807754.