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- Peninsular_War abstract "The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was a military conflict between the First French Empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its ally until then. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814, and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation, significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare.The Peninsular War overlaps with what the Spanish-speaking world calls the Guerra de la Independencia Española (Spanish War of Independence), which began with the Dos de Mayo Uprising on 2 May 1808 and ended on 17 April 1814. The French occupation destroyed the Spanish administration, which fragmented into quarrelling provincial juntas. In 1810, a reconstituted national government, the Cádiz Cortes—effectively a government-in-exile—fortified itself in Cádiz but could not raise effective armies because it was besieged by 70,000 French troops. British and Portuguese forces eventually secured Portugal, using it as a safe position from which to launch campaigns against the French army and to provide whatever supplies they could get to the Spanish, while the Spanish armies and guerrillas tied down vast numbers of Napoleon's troops. These combined regular and irregular allied forces prevented Napoleon's marshals from subduing the rebellious Spanish provinces by restricting French control of territory and the war continued through years of stalemate.The years of fighting in Spain was a heavy burden on France's Grande Armée. While the French were victorious in battle, their communications and supplies were severely tested and their units were frequently isolated, harassed or overwhelmed by partisans fighting an intense guerrilla war of raids and ambushes. The Spanish armies were repeatedly beaten and driven to the peripheries but time and again they would regroup and relentlessly hound the French. This drain on French resources led Napoleon, who had unwittingly provoked a total war, to call the conflict the "Spanish Ulcer".The British force under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington guarded Portugal and campaigned against the French in Spain alongside the reformed Portuguese army. The demoralised Portuguese army was reorganised and refitted under the command of General William Carr Beresford, who had been appointed commander-in-chief of the Portuguese forces by the exiled Portuguese royal family, and fought as part of a combined Anglo-Portuguese army under Wellesley. In 1812, when Napoleon set out with a massive army on what proved to be a disastrous campaign to conquer Russia, a combined allied army under Wellesley pushed into Spain and took Madrid. Pursued by the allied armies of Spain, Britain and Portugal, Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult, no longer able to get sufficient support from a depleted France, led the exhausted and demoralized French forces in a fighting withdrawal across the Pyrenees during the winter of 1813-1814.War and revolution against Napoleon's occupation led to the Spanish Constitution of 1812, later a cornerstone of European liberalism. The burden of war destroyed the social and economic fabric of Portugal and Spain, and ushered in an era of social turbulence, political instability and economic stagnation. Devastating civil wars between liberal and absolutist factions led by officers trained in the Peninsular War persisted in Iberia until 1850. The cumulative crises and disruptions of invasion, revolution, and restoration led to the independence of most of Spain's American colonies and the independence of Brazil from Portugal.".
- Peninsular_War combatant "*".
- Peninsular_War combatant "*Bonapartist Spain".
- Peninsular_War combatant "*Bourbon Spain".
- Peninsular_War combatant "*France".
- Peninsular_War commander André_Masséna.
- Peninsular_War commander Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.
- Peninsular_War commander Auguste_de_Marmont.
- Peninsular_War commander Bernardim_Freire_de_Andrade.
- Peninsular_War commander Carlos_Frederico_Lecor,_Viscount_of_Laguna.
- Peninsular_War commander Claude_Victor-Perrin,_Duc_de_Belluno.
- Peninsular_War commander Francisco_Javier_Castaños,_1st_Duke_of_Bailén.
- Peninsular_War commander Francisco_da_Silveira,_Count_of_Amarante.
- Peninsular_War commander Gregorio_García_de_la_Cuesta.
- Peninsular_War commander Jean-Andoche_Junot.
- Peninsular_War commander Jean-Baptiste_Bessières.
- Peninsular_War commander Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan.
- Peninsular_War commander Jean-de-Dieu_Soult.
- Peninsular_War commander Joachim_Murat.
- Peninsular_War commander Joaquín_Blake.
- Peninsular_War commander John_Moore_(British_Army_officer).
- Peninsular_War commander Joseph_Bonaparte.
- Peninsular_War commander José_de_Palafox_y_Melci.
- Peninsular_War commander Juan_Martín_Díez.
- Peninsular_War commander Louis-Gabriel_Suchet.
- Peninsular_War commander Luís_do_Rego_Barreto.
- Peninsular_War commander Michel_Ney.
- Peninsular_War commander Miguel_Pereira_Forjaz,_Count_of_Feira.
- Peninsular_War commander Miguel_Ricardo_de_Álava_y_Esquivel.
- Peninsular_War commander Napoleon.
- Peninsular_War commander William_Beresford,_1st_Viscount_Beresford.
- Peninsular_War commander Édouard_Mortier,_duc_de_Trévise.
- Peninsular_War date "1808-05-02".
- Peninsular_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Napoleonic_Wars.
- Peninsular_War place Iberian_Peninsula.
- Peninsular_War result "* Allied victory".
- Peninsular_War result "*Treaty of Paris".
- Peninsular_War thumbnail El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid_rdit.jpg?width=300.
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- Peninsular_War wikiPageID "102485".
- Peninsular_War wikiPageRevisionID "645675263".
- Peninsular_War caption "The Second of May 1808: The Charge of the Mamelukes by Francisco de Goya, 1814".
- Peninsular_War combatant "* Bourbon Spain * *".
- Peninsular_War combatant "* France * Bonapartist Spain".
- Peninsular_War commander "* Arthur Wellesley * William Beresford * John Moore * Francisco Castaños * Juan Martín Díez * José Palafox * Gregorio de la Cuesta * Miguel Álava Esquivel * Joaquín Blake y Joyes * Bernardino Freire * Miguel Pereira Forjaz * Carlos Frederico Lecor * Francisco Silveira * Luís do Rego Barreto".
- Peninsular_War commander "* Napoleon I * José I of Spain * Joachim Murat * Jean-Andoche Junot * Jean de Dieu Soult * André Masséna * Michel Ney * Louis Gabriel Suchet * Joseph Mortier * Auguste de Marmont * Jean-Baptiste Bessières * Jean-Baptiste Jourdan * Claude Victor-Perrin".
- Peninsular_War conflict "Peninsular War".
- Peninsular_War date "--05-02".
- Peninsular_War expiry "2015-03-24".
- Peninsular_War first "Charles Walker".
- Peninsular_War hasPhotoCollection Peninsular_War.
- Peninsular_War last "Robinson".
- Peninsular_War partof "the Napoleonic Wars".
- Peninsular_War place "Iberian Peninsula and southern France".
- Peninsular_War pp "90".
- Peninsular_War result "* Allied victory * Treaty of Paris".
- Peninsular_War small "yes".
- Peninsular_War volume "21".
- Peninsular_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Peninsular_War wstitle "Peninsular War".
- Peninsular_War subject Category:19th_century_in_Portugal.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:19th_century_in_Spain.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1807.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1808.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1809.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1810.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1811.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1812.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1813.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1814.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:France%E2%80%93Portugal_relations.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:France%E2%80%93Spain_relations.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:Guerrilla_wars.
- Peninsular_War subject Category:King's_German_Legion.