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- Greek_Civil_War abstract "The Greek Civil War (Greek: ο Eμφύλιος [Πόλεμος], "the Civil War") was fought from 1946–49 between the Greek government army—backed by Great Britain and the United States—and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE), the military branch of the Greek Communist Party (KKE), backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as Bulgaria. Much of the conflict was centred on Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece, where Soviet and Yugoslav assistance to Greek Communist forces was easier and more immediate than in the south of the country. Northern Greece also happened to be where the majority of the country's minorities drawn into the conflict were based, including the non-indigenous Greek communities of Pontic Greeks and Caucasus Greeks (based mainly in Central Macedonia and Eastern Macedonia but originally from northeastern Anatolia and the former Russian South Caucasus) and ethnic minorities such as Slav Macedonians, Muslim Pomaks and Western Thrace Turks. The result of the conflict itself was the defeat of the Communist insurgents by the government forces. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece and funded by Communist nations such as Yugoslavia, many of the insurgents operating within the Democratic Army of Greece were partisans who had fought against German and Italian occupation forces during the Second World War.The civil war was the result of a highly polarized struggle between left and right that started in 1943 and targeted the power vacuum that the end of German-Italian occupation during World War II had created. It was one of the first conflicts of the Cold War, and represents the first example of postwar involvement in the internal politics of a foreign country. Greece in the end was funded by the U.S. through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and joined NATO, while the insurgents were demoralized by the bitter split between the Soviet Union's Premier Joseph Stalin (who wanted the war ended) and Yugoslavia's President Josip Broz Tito (who wanted it to continue).The first signs of the civil war occurred in 1942–44, during the Occupation. With the Greek government in exile unable to influence the situation at home, various resistance groups of differing political affiliations emerged, the dominant ones being the leftist National Liberation Front (EAM), and its military branch Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS), which were effectively controlled by the KKE. Starting in autumn 1943, friction among EAM and the other resistance groups resulted in scattered clashes, which continued until the spring of 1944 when an agreement was reached forming a national unity government that included six EAM-affiliated ministers.The prelude of the civil war took place in Athens, on December 3, 1944, less than 2 months after Germans had retreated. A bloody battle (the "Dekemvrianá") erupted after Greek government gendarmes, with British forces standing in the background, opened fire on a massive unarmed pro-EAM rally, killing 28 demonstrators and injuring dozens. The rally had been organized against the impunity of the Nazi collaborators and the general disarmament ultimatum, signed by Lieutenant-General Sir Ronald MacKenzie Scobie, which had excluded the right-wing forces. The battle lasted 33 days and resulted in the defeat of EAM after the heavily reinforced British forces sided with the Greek government. The subsequent signing of the treaty of Varkiza spelled the end of the left-wing organization's ascendancy: the ELAS was partly disarmed, while EAM soon after lost its multi-party character, to become dominated by KKE. All the while, White Terror was unleashed against EAM-KKE supporters, further escalating the tensions between the dominant factions of the nation.The war erupted in 1946 when forces of former ELAS partisans that found shelter in their hideouts and were controlled by the KKE organized the DSE and its High Command headquarters. KKE backed up the endeavor, deciding that there were no more political means to use against the internationally recognized government that had been formed after the 1946 elections, which the KKE had boycotted. The Communists formed a provisional government and used DSE as the military branch of this government. The neighboring communist states of Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria offered logistical support to the Provisional Government, especially to the forces operating in the north.Despite setbacks suffered by government forces from 1946–48, increased American aid, the failure of the DSE to attract sufficient recruits and the side effects of the Tito–Stalin split eventually led to victory for the government troops. The final victory of the western-allied government forces led to Greece's membership in NATO and helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean Sea for the entire Cold War. The civil war also left Greece with a vehemently anti-Communist security establishment, which would lead to the establishment of the Greek military junta of 1967–74 and a legacy of political polarization that lasted until the 1980s.".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "1,485 dead".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "15,268 dead".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "159 missing.".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "3,143 wounded".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "3,843 missing".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "37,255 wounded".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "865 deserters".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "Hellenic Army, Navy and Air Force, from August 16, 1945 to December 22, 1951:".
- Greek_Civil_War causalties "Hellenic Gendarmerie, from December 1, 1944 to December 27, 1951:".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "(after 1947)".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "*14pxDSE".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "*Hellenic Army".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Albania".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Bulgaria".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "NOF partisans".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Provisional Democratic Government".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Supported by:".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Yugoslavia".
- Greek_Civil_War commander Alexander_Papagos.
- Greek_Civil_War commander James_Van_Fleet.
- Greek_Civil_War commander Konstantinos_Ventiris.
- Greek_Civil_War commander Markos_Vafiadis.
- Greek_Civil_War commander Nikos_Zachariadis.
- Greek_Civil_War commander Thrasyvoulos_Tsakalotos.
- Greek_Civil_War date "1946-03-30".
- Greek_Civil_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- Greek_Civil_War place Kingdom_of_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War result "Hellenic Armyvictory".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "130–150 Cham Albanians".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "15,000–20,000".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "2,000–3,000 Pomaks".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Max. 232,500 all arms".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Max. 26,000 men and women (mid-1948)".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Slav-Macedonians".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Total: c.100,000 men and women served, of whom:".
- Greek_Civil_War thumbnail Gr-map.png?width=300.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink dangerouscitizens.columbia.edu.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink greece-resistance-andartiko-1941.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink front_page.php?fyllo=14333§ion=B.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Battle_of_Grammos-Vitsi.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink KJC.htm.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink finneyPatrick.html.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 260759.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 40209681.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink dse.htm.
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageID "28830649".
- Greek_Civil_War wikiPageRevisionID "645127929".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "--08-16".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "--12-01".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "1000000".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "1485".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "15268".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "159".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "20128".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "3143".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "37255".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "3843".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "Hellenic Army claim: 38,839 killed".
- Greek_Civil_War casualties "Total: 158,000 killed".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "* Hellenic Army Supported by:".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Albania".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Bulgaria".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Provisional Democratic Government *14px DSE NOF partisans".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Supported by:".
- Greek_Civil_War combatant "Yugoslavia".
- Greek_Civil_War commander "14".
- Greek_Civil_War commander "Alexander Papagos".
- Greek_Civil_War commander "James Van Fleet".
- Greek_Civil_War commander "Konstantinos Ventiris".
- Greek_Civil_War commander "Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos".
- Greek_Civil_War conflict "Greek Civil War".
- Greek_Civil_War date "--03-30".
- Greek_Civil_War hasPhotoCollection Greek_Civil_War.
- Greek_Civil_War partof "the Cold War".
- Greek_Civil_War place Kingdom_of_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War result "Hellenic Army victory".
- Greek_Civil_War strength Macedonians_(ethnic_group).
- Greek_Civil_War strength "130".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "15000".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "2000".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Max. 232,500 all arms".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Max. 26,000 men and women".
- Greek_Civil_War strength "Total: c.100,000 men and women served, of whom:".
- Greek_Civil_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:20th_century_in_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Aftermath_of_World_War_II.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Anti-communism_in_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Communism-based_civil_wars.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Communism_in_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Greece%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Greek_Civil_War.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Revolution-based_civil_wars.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Riots_and_civil_disorder_in_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Wars_involving_Albania.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Wars_involving_Bulgaria.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Wars_involving_Greece.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Wars_involving_Yugoslavia.
- Greek_Civil_War subject Category:Wars_involving_the_United_Kingdom.