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- First_Indochina_War abstract "The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in contemporary Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946 and lasted until 1 August 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Viet Minh opponents in the South dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Emperor Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap. Most of the fighting took place in Tonkin in Northern Vietnam, although the conflict engulfed the entire country and also extended into the neighboring French Indochina protectorates of Laos and Cambodia.At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, the Combined Chiefs of Staff decided that Indochina south of latitude 16° North was to be included in the Southeast Asia Command under British Admiral Mountbatten. Japanese forces located south of that line surrendered to him and those to the north surrendered to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. In September 1945, Chinese forces entered Tonkin and a small British task force landed at Saigon. The Chinese accepted the Vietnamese government under Ho Chi Minh, created by resistance forces of the Viet Minh, then in power in Hanoi. The British refused to do likewise in Saigon, and deferred to the French there from the outset, against the ostensible support of the Viet Minh by American OSS representatives. On V-J Day, September 2, Ho Chi Minh had proclaimed in Hanoi the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). The DRV ruled as the only civil government in all of Vietnam for a period of about 20 days, after the abdication of the "Japanese puppet", Emperor Bảo Đại. On 23 September 1945, with the knowledge of the British Commander in Saigon, French forces overthrew the local DRV government, and declared French authority restored in Cochinchina. Guerrilla warfare began around Saigon immediately.The first few years of the war involved a low-level rural insurgency against French authority. However, after the Chinese communists reached the Northern border of Vietnam in 1949, the conflict turned into a conventional war between two armies equipped with modern weapons supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union. French Union forces included colonial troops from the whole former empire (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese ethnic minorities), French professional troops and units of the French Foreign Legion. The use of metropolitan recruits was forbidden by the government to prevent the war from becoming even more unpopular at home. It was called the "dirty war" (la sale guerre) by the Left intellectuals in France.While the strategy of pushing the Viet Minh into attacking a well-defended base in a remote part of the country at the end of their logistical trail was validated at the Battle of Nà Sản, the lack of construction materials (especially concrete), tanks (because of lack of road access and difficulty in the jungle terrain), and air cover precluded an effective defense, culminating in a decisive French defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. At the international Geneva Conference on July 21, 1954 the new socialist French government and the Viet Minh made an agreement that was denounced by the government of Vietnam and by the United States, but which effectively gave the Communists control of North Vietnam above the 17th parallel. Control of the north was given to the Viet Minh under Ho Chi Minh, and the south continued under Emperor Bảo Đại. A year later, Bảo Đại would be deposed by his prime minister, Ngô Đình Diệm, creating the Republic of Vietnam. Soon an insurgency backed by the North developed against Diệm's government. The conflict gradually escalated into the Vietnam War.".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "18,714 dead".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "40,000 captured".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "64,127 wounded,".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "75,581 dead".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "French Union:".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia:".
- First_Indochina_War causalties "Total: ~94,000+ dead".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "(1949–1954)".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "(1950–1954)".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "(1953–1954)".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "*(1945–1954)".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "----".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Cambodia".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "France(1945–1954)".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Khmer Issarak".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Pathet Lao".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "State of Vietnam".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Supported by:".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Viet Minh".
- First_Indochina_War commander French_Far_East_Expeditionary_Corps.
- First_Indochina_War commander Henri_Navarre.
- First_Indochina_War commander Ho_Chi_Minh.
- First_Indochina_War commander Jean-Étienne_Valluy.
- First_Indochina_War commander Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny.
- First_Indochina_War commander Marcel_Carpentier.
- First_Indochina_War commander Nguyễn_Văn_Hinh.
- First_Indochina_War commander Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque.
- First_Indochina_War commander Raoul_Salan.
- First_Indochina_War commander Roger_Blaizot.
- First_Indochina_War commander Son_Ngoc_Minh.
- First_Indochina_War commander Souphanouvong.
- First_Indochina_War commander Vietnamese_National_Army.
- First_Indochina_War commander Võ_Nguyên_Giáp.
- First_Indochina_War date "1946-12-19".
- First_Indochina_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- First_Indochina_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Indochina_Wars.
- First_Indochina_War place French_Indochina.
- First_Indochina_War place North_Vietnam.
- First_Indochina_War result "* Departure of the French from Indochina".
- First_Indochina_War result "* Vietnam is partitioned between North (controlled by the Viet Minh) and South (controlled by theState of Vietnam)".
- First_Indochina_War result "*Geneva Conference".
- First_Indochina_War result "*State of Vietnam,LaosandCambodiagain official independence".
- First_Indochina_War result "Viet Minh victory".
- First_Indochina_War strength "125,000 Regulars".
- First_Indochina_War strength "250,000 Popular Forces/Irregulars".
- First_Indochina_War strength "75,000 Regional".
- First_Indochina_War strength "French Union: 190,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Local Auxiliary: 55,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "State of Vietnam: 150,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Total: 450,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Total: ~400,000".
- First_Indochina_War territory Geneva_Conference_(1954).
- First_Indochina_War thumbnail HD-SN-99-02041.JPEG?width=300.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink books?id=GkHH8OoCTtAC&pg=PA1&lpg=PP5&dq=%22Street+Without+Joy:+The+French+Debacle+In+Indochina%22&psp=9&sig=fnRSyGmHppqW4pwqG8O6tX0Y3zQ.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink history1.html.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink Default.asp?ID=55&Event_ID=353&language=EN.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink en_Historical-context_56.htm.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink fonds-guerre-dindochine.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageExternalLink pent5.htm.
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageID "222928".
- First_Indochina_War wikiPageRevisionID "643592435".
- First_Indochina_War caption "A French Foreign Legion unit patrols in a communist-controlled area.".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "125000".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "175000".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "18714".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "40000".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "64127".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "75581".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "French Union:".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia:".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "Total: ~94,000+ dead".
- First_Indochina_War casualties "Vietminh:".
- First_Indochina_War casus "--11-23".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "France * Cambodia".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Khmer Issarak ---- Supported by:".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Pathet Lao".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "State of Vietnam ---- Supported by:".
- First_Indochina_War combatant "Viet Minh".
- First_Indochina_War commander "* Nguyễn Văn Hinh".
- First_Indochina_War commander "* Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque * Jean-Étienne Valluy * Roger Blaizot * Marcel Carpentier * Jean de Lattre de Tassigny * Raoul Salan * Henri Navarre Vietnamese National Army".
- First_Indochina_War commander "French Expeditionary Corps".
- First_Indochina_War commander "Ho Chi Minh".
- First_Indochina_War commander "Son Ngoc Minh".
- First_Indochina_War commander "Souphanouvong".
- First_Indochina_War commander "Võ Nguyên Giáp".
- First_Indochina_War conflict "First Indochina War".
- First_Indochina_War date "--12-19".
- First_Indochina_War hasPhotoCollection First_Indochina_War.
- First_Indochina_War partof "the Indochina Wars and the Cold War".
- First_Indochina_War place "French Indochina, mainly North Vietnam".
- First_Indochina_War result "Viet Minh victory * Vietnam is partitioned between North and South * Geneva Conference * Departure of the French from Indochina * State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia gain official independence".
- First_Indochina_War strength "125000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "250000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "75000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "French Union: 190,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Local Auxiliary: 55,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "State of Vietnam: 150,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Total: 450,000".
- First_Indochina_War strength "Total: ~400,000".