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- Finnish_Civil_War abstract "The Finnish Civil War concerned leadership and control of Finland, during its transition phase from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state. The conflict formed a part of the national, political and social turmoil caused by World War I in Europe - affected primarily by the warfare between the Russian Empire and the German Empire. The war, lasting from 27 January to 15 May 1918, was fought between the paramilitary forces of the Social Democratic Party, led by the People's Deputation of Finland, commonly called the Reds and the Red Guards, and the paramilitary forces of the non-socialist, conservative-led Senate, commonly called the Whites and the White Guards. The Reds - dominated by industrial and agrarian workers - were based in the towns and industrial centres of southern Finland. The Whites - dominated by peasants and middle - and upper-class factions - controlled the more rural central and northern Finland.The Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire, was gradually developing into the realm's Finnish state, including a rise of the Fennoman movement. By 1917 the Finnish people had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization and rise of a comprehensive labor movement. Socio-economic and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization. The collapse of the Russian Empire and its Grand Duchy, due to WWI, led to power struggle between the left-leaning Finnish labor movement and more conservative non-socialists. Finland's declaration of independence on 6 December 1917 failed to unify the nation.The Reds carried out an unsuccessful general offensive in February 1918, the Russian Soviet Republic supplied them with weapons. A major offensive by the Whites began in March, bolstered by attack of an Imperial German Army squad in April 1918. The battles of Tampere and Viipuri, won by the Whites, and the battles of Helsinki and Lahti, won by German troops, were the decisive military actions of the war. Both the Reds and Whites used political terror as a military weapon during the conflict. The Whites won the war, in which about 38,000 people died out of a population of 3 million.In the aftermath, the Finns passed from Russian rule to the German Empire's sphere of power, including the conservative Finnish Senate's attempt to establish a Finnish monarchy, but after the defeat of Germany in WWI, Finland emerged as an independent, democratic republic. In the Finnish history, the 1918 war remains the most emotionally charged event, which divided the nation for many years. The society was reunited through the social compromises based on long-term culture of moderate politics and religion, the outcome of WWI and the post-war economic recovery.".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "1,400–1,650 executed".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "3,414 killed in action".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "4 dead in prison camps".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "450–500 killed in action".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "46 missing".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "5,300–5,600 casualties".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "Germans".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "Total".
- Finnish_Civil_War causalties "Whites".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "*Red Guards".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "*White Guards".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "*\"Jäger\" movement".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "Red Finland".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "Swedish,EstonianandPolishvolunteers".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "White Finland".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Adolf_Taimi.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Ali_Aaltonen.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Eero_Haapalainen.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Eino_Rahja.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Ernst_Linder.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Evert_Eloranta.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Hjalmar_Frisell.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Hugo_Meurer.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Karl_Fredrik_Wilkama.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Kullervo_Manner.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Rüdiger_von_der_Goltz.
- Finnish_Civil_War commander Verner_Lehtimäki.
- Finnish_Civil_War date "1918-05-15".
- Finnish_Civil_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict World_War_I.
- Finnish_Civil_War place Finland.
- Finnish_Civil_War result "* Germanhegemonyuntil 11 November 1918".
- Finnish_Civil_War result "* Russian military presence ceased".
- Finnish_Civil_War result "Victory of the White Senate of Finland".
- Finnish_Civil_War strength "1,737 Poles from thePolish Legion".
- Finnish_Civil_War strength "13,000Imperial German Armysoldiers".
- Finnish_Civil_War strength "500–1,000 Swedish volunteers".
- Finnish_Civil_War strength "7,000–10,000 soldiers of the formerRussian Imperial Army".
- Finnish_Civil_War strength "80,000–90,000 Finns".
- Finnish_Civil_War thumbnail Tampere_destroyed_in_Civil_War.jpg?width=300.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink main?lang=en.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink stat2.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink 9780521539890.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink start_here.html.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink luokkasota.htm.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink sisallissota.htm.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink vapaussota.htm.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink suomi80.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink www.vapaussota.fi.
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageID "11772".
- Finnish_Civil_War wikiPageRevisionID "645411739".
- Finnish_Civil_War caption "Tampere's civilian buildings destroyed in the civil war.".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "11000".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "1400".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "2000".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "27400".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "3414".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "4".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "450".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "46".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "5199".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "5300".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "550".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "7000".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "900".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "Germans".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "Reds".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "Russians".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "Total".
- Finnish_Civil_War casualties "Whites".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "Red Finland * Red Guards".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "Swedish, Estonian and Polish volunteers".
- Finnish_Civil_War combatant "White Finland * White Guards * "Jäger" movement".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Adolf Taimi".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Ali Aaltonen".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "C.G.E. Mannerheim".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Eero Haapalainen".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Eino Rahja".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Ernst Linder".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Ernst Löfström".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Evert Eloranta".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Fredrik Johansson".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Georgi Bulatsel".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Hans Kalm, Est.".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Hans von Tschirsky und von Bögendorff".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Harald Hjalmarson, Swe.".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Heikki Kaljunen".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Hjalmar Frisell, Swe.".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Hugo Meurer".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Hugo Salmela".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "K.S. Jeremejev".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Karl Wilkman".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Karl Wolff".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Kullervo Manner".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Martin Wetzer".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Mikhail Svetšnikov".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Otto von Brandenstein".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Rüdiger von der Goltz".
- Finnish_Civil_War commander "Stanislaw Prus-Boguslawski, Pol.".