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- Closure_(computer_programming) abstract "In programming languages, a closure (also lexical closure or function closure) is a function or reference to a function together with a referencing environment—a table storing a reference to each of the non-local variables (also called free variables or upvalues) of that function. A closure—unlike a plain function pointer—enables a function to access those non-local variables even when invoked outside its immediate lexical scope.The following program fragment defines a (higher-order) function startAt with a local variable x and a nested function incrementBy. This nested function incrementBy has access to x, because x is in its lexical scope, even though it is not local to incrementBy. The function startAt returns a closure containing a reference to the function incrementBy, which adds the y value to the x value, and a reference to the variable x, so incrementBy will know where to find it once invoked:function startAt(x) function incrementBy(y) return x + y return incrementByvariable closure1 = startAt(1)variable closure2 = startAt(5)Invoking the variable closure1 (which is of function type) with closure1(3) will return 4, while invoking closure2(3) will return 8. While closure1 and closure2 are both references to the function incrementBy, the associated environment will bind the identifier x to two distinct variables in the two invocations, leading to different results.The concept of closures was developed in the 1960s for the mechanical evaluation of expressions in the λ-calculus and was first fully implemented in 1970 as a language feature in the PAL programming language to support lexically scoped first-class functions. The use of closures is associated with functional programming languages such as Lisp and ML. Traditional imperative languages such as Algol, C and Pascal do not support returning nested functions as results from higher-order functions thus avoiding the need to use closures. Many modern garbage-collected imperative languages do represent references to functions as closures.".
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageExternalLink definition-of-closures.html.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageExternalLink page1.html.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageExternalLink Closure.html.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageExternalLink CollectionClosureMethod.html.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageExternalLink closures-v05.html.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageID "62319".
- Closure_(computer_programming) wikiPageRevisionID "638125068".
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_C++_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_C_Sharp_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_D_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Eiffel_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Haskell_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_JavaScript_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Java_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Objective-C_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Python_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Ruby_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Scheme_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Articles_with_example_Smalltalk_code.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Implementation_of_functional_programming_languages.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Programming_language_concepts.
- Closure_(computer_programming) subject Category:Subroutines.
- Closure_(computer_programming) comment "In programming languages, a closure (also lexical closure or function closure) is a function or reference to a function together with a referencing environment—a table storing a reference to each of the non-local variables (also called free variables or upvalues) of that function.".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Chiusura (informatica)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Clausura (ciência da computação)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Clausura (informática)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Closure (computer programming)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Closure".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Closure".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Domknięcie (programowanie)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Fermeture (informatique)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Замыкание (программирование)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "Затваряне (информатика)".
- Closure_(computer_programming) label "クロージャ".
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Closure.
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Κλείσιμο_(επιστήμη_υπολογιστών).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Clausura_(informática).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Fermeture_(informatique).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Chiusura_(informatica).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs クロージャ.
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Closure.
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Domknięcie_(programowanie).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Clausura_(ciência_da_computação).
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs m.0gvfz.
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Q535335.
- Closure_(computer_programming) sameAs Q535335.
- Closure_(computer_programming) wasDerivedFrom Closure_(computer_programming)?oldid=638125068.
- Closure_(computer_programming) isPrimaryTopicOf Closure_(computer_programming).