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- 1975_Spring_Offensive abstract "The 1975 Spring Offensive (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Mùa Xuân 1975) was a series of increasingly large-scale and ambitious offensive operations by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong that began on 13 December 1974. The eventual goal of these operations was to defeat the armed forces and force the surrender of the government of South Vietnam. After the initial success of what was to have been a limited campaign in Phuoc Long Province, the North Vietnamese leadership increased the scope of the People's Army of Vietnam's (PAVN) offensive and quickly threatened the Central Highlands city of Buôn Ma Thuột.The new offensive was different from the ill-fated Easter Offensive of 1972. The subsequent resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon following the fallout of the Watergate scandal meant that the diplomatic promises of the disgraced former president would not be honored by the United States Congress. Decreases in American military aid, which had become the lifeblood of South Vietnam's armed forces, created material and psychological turmoil in an army steeped in the American way of war. Inability to cope with the situation and find alternative military methodologies contributed heavily to the rapidity of South Vietnam's collapse. The gradual impact of the American abandonment of South Vietnam on the psyche of that nation's political and military leadership and civilian population was devastating.The South Vietnamese government, alarmed at the speed and ease with which the North Vietnamese offensive was proceeding, attempted to regroup its forces by truncating the area that its troops had to defend, thereby surrendering space for time. This attempt, however, provoked the civilian population in the affected areas to take to the roads, making coherent military movements virtually impossible. This situation was exacerbated by confusing orders, lack of command and control, and a well-led and aggressive enemy, which led to the fall of Buôn Ma Thuột and the destruction of the bulk of an entire Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) corps in the Central Highlands.A similar attempt to reduce defended areas in the northern provinces (this time to coastal enclaves) and to create a strategic national reserve met a similar fate, as command confusion, massive refugee migrations, and, in the end, total anarchy prevented any coherent defense and led to the utter collapse of ARVN's forces and the loss of the northern two-thirds of the country. Surprised by the rapidity of the South Vietnamese collapse, the objective of the campaign then became the transfer of the bulk of its northern forces more than 350 miles to the south in order to capture the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon in time to celebrate their late President Ho Chi Minh's birthday and end the war.South Vietnamese forces regrouped around the capital and managed to conduct a commendable defense line of the key transportation hubs at Xuan Loc and Phan Rang, but a loss of political and military will to continue the fight were becoming ever more manifest. Under political pressure, South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu resigned from office on 21 April, in hopes that a new leader that was more amenable to the North Vietnamese could reopen negotiations with them. It was, however, far too late. With PAVN spearheads already entering Saigon, the South Vietnamese government, then under the leadership of Duong Van Minh, capitulated on 30 April 1975.".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive causalties "~20,000 killed and wounded".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "North Vietnam".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "Supported by:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "United States".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "Viet Cong".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Hoang_Minh_Thao.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander III_Corps_(South_Vietnam).
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander II_Corps_(South_Vietnam).
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Lê_Duẩn.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Lê_Trọng_Tấn.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Nguyễn_Khoa_Nam.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Nguyễn_Văn_Thiệu.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Nguyễn_Văn_Toàn.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Ngô_Quang_Trưởng.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Trần_Quang_Khôi.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Trần_Văn_Trà.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander Văn_Tiến_Dũng.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive date "1974-12-13".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive isPartOfMilitaryConflict Vietnam_War.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive place South_Vietnam.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive result "Decisive North Vietnamese victory,".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive result "capitulation of theRepublic of Vietnam".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1,076 artillery pieces,mortarsandrecoilless guns".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1,110,000 men (710,000 regulars, 400,000 armedCIDG)".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1,556 aircraft and helicopters".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1,559 artillery pieces (not includingmortarsorrecoilless guns)".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "118 aircraft".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "175,000 men (66,000 regulars)".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "2,044 tanks and armoured vehicles".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "229 aircraft".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "270,000 men".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "320 tanks and 250 armoured vehicles".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "386 artillery pieces".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "407 artillery pieces".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "493 tanks and armoured vehicles".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "579 war ships".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "624 tanks and armoured vehicles".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "679 trucks".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "At 26 April:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "At 4th Tactical Zone:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "In the perimeter around Saigon: 250,000 men (152,000 regulars)".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Popular Force: 381,000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Regional Forces: 475,000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Regular Forces: 270,000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Regular Forces: 495,000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "SixA-37 Dragonflyaircraft".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Sources 1:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Sources 2:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Total Forces: 1,000,000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "US Figures:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "Vietnamese Figures::".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive thumbnail FNL_Flag.svg?width=300.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink 8649603.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink 0400saigon.asp.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink bw-index-1969.html.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink landgrab_73.htm.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink 0,9171,913008-2,00.html.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink 0,9171,917318-4,00.html.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink 0,9171,917363,00.html.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageExternalLink tra.asp.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageID "5475353".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive wikiPageRevisionID "619527993".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive caption "--04-30".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive casualties "155000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive casualties "877".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive casualties "~20,000 killed and wounded".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive casualties "~90,000 killed and wounded. ~1.1 million surrendered or captured".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "North Vietnam".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "Supported by:".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "United States".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive combatant "Viet Cong".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Du Quoc Dong".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Hoang Minh Thao".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Lê Duẩn Văn Tiến Dũng".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Lê Trọng Tấn".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Nguyen Minh Chau".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Nguyễn Khoa Nam".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Nguyễn Văn Thiệu".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Ngô Quang Trưởng".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Pham Van Phu".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Trần Quang Khôi".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive commander "Trần Văn Trà".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive conflict "1975".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive date "--12-13".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive hasPhotoCollection 1975_Spring_Offensive.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive partof "the Vietnam War".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive place South_Vietnam.
- 1975_Spring_Offensive result "Decisive North Vietnamese victory,".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive result "capitulation of the Republic of Vietnam".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "--04-26".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1076".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1110000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "118".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1556".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "1559".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "175000".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "2044".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "229".
- 1975_Spring_Offensive strength "270000".