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• Yamaha_YM2612 abstract "The YM2612, aka OPN2, is a six-channel sound chip developed by Yamaha. It belongs to Yamaha's OPN family of FM synthesis chips used in several game and computer systems.Developed as a stripped-down version of the YM2608, it lacks its larger sibling's ADPCM channel, Rhythm Sound System, SSG components, and GPIO ports. It also includes a simplified sound mixer with integrated DAC. It was also available in CMOS form, as the YM3438, aka OPN2C. It was most notably used in Sega's Genesis game console, and Fujitsu's FM Towns computer series. As with the YM3438, it was used by Sega in various arcade game systems, including the Mega-Play, System 18, and System 32.The YM2612 has the following features:Six monophonic FM channels (voices)Four operators per channelTwo interval timersA sine-wave low frequency oscillatorAnalogue stereo output (most other contemporary Yamaha FM chips require a separate external digital-to-analog converter chip)For channels 3 and 6, operator frequencies can be set independently, making dissonant harmonics possible. (Normally, they would have a simple relation like e.g. 2× or 3× relative to a common base frequency.)Per-channel programmable stereo sound (left, right, or both left and right resulting in centre)Patch compatibility with Yamaha DX/TX synthesizers, for example TX81Z, and others, once the user accounts for the differing parameter ranges displayed by the synths as a convenience to the user. This of course does not account for differences such as these synths not offering a sine wave for the LFO, differing clock rates and hence envelope speeds, and some particular sound signatures of the YM2612 as described next.The major difference between the YM2612 and the YM2608 is the removal of the original accumulator-equipped sound mixer, which mixed together the 14-bit floating point output of the FM channels, followed by serial output to a separate DAC chip. Instead, the YM2612 uses a simpler time-division sound multiplexer, which first truncates the 14-bit channel output to 9-bits, then loops through outputting each channel in sequence using a built-in DAC. The truncation of the output samples is done in such a way that it introduces a glitch in the negative edge of waveforms, shifting that side out of place, causing a distinctive form of distortion that has become known among fans as the "ladder effect". Post-YM2612 sound filtering circuitry varied in quality between devices using the YM2612, affecting the sound quality even further. Along with the mixer changes, the chip was stripped of its predecessor's SSG component, although its vestigial SSG envelope generator is still functional.Whereas the high-end OPN chips have dedicated ADPCM channels for playing sampled audio, the YM2612 does not. However, its sixth channel can act as a surrogate PCM channel by means of the 'DAC Enable' register, allowing the chip to play 8-bit PCM sound samples. This replaces (disables) FM output for that channel. PCM data is written to the channel via an 8-bit register. Unlike the other OPNs with ADPCM, the YM2612 does not provide any timing or buffering of samples, so all frequency control and buffering must be done in software by the host processor.The YM3438, aka OPN2C, the CMOS form of the YM2612, changed the Channel 6 DAC output to the same 9-bit output in FM mode. The chip also had higher output impedance, requiring heavier external noise filtering circuitry but outputting louder sound. Sega used an improved version of the OPN2C for the Model 2 version of the Mega Drive/Genesis, which uses a modified output multiplexer that produces considerably less "ladder effect" distortion. Despite this, some prefer the YM2612's more distorted output as it can be used with clever programming to achieve unusual timbres, which may sound tangibly different on the more 'ideal' YM3438 or ASIC FM.".
• Yamaha_YM2612 thumbnail Yamaha_YM2612_chip.jpg?width=300.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageExternalLink viewtopic.php?t=386.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageExternalLink ym2612.txt.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageExternalLink YM3438_APL.pdf.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageExternalLink YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageID "342119".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageLength "6805".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageOutDegree "37".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageRevisionID "679348383".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink ADPCM.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Accumulator_(computing).
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Arcade_game.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink CMOS.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Video_game_music.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Yamaha_sound_chips.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Digital-to-analog_converter.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Digital-to-audio_converter.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink FM_Towns.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink File:YM2612_TDM_Distortion_Example.ogg.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Frequency_modulation_synthesis.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Fujitsu.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink GYM.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink output.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink General_Instrument_AY-3-8910.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Output.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Sega_arcade_system_boards.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Low-frequency_oscillation.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Low_frequency_oscillation.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Monophonic.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Monophony.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Programmable_Interval_Timer.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Programmable_interval_timer.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Pulse-code_modulation.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Sega.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Sega_Genesis.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Sega_Mega_Drive.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Sound_chip.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Synthesizer.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Time-division_multiplexing.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink VGM_(file_format).
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Yamaha_Corporation.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Yamaha_TX81Z.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Yamaha_YM2203.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink Yamaha_YM2608.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink File:Yamaha_YM2612_chip.jpg.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLink File:Yamaha_YM2612_pinout.svg.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "YM2612".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "YM3438".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Yamaha 2612 FM synthesizer chip".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Yamaha YM2612".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Yamaha YM3438".
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Yamaha_YM2612".
• Yamaha_YM2612 hasPhotoCollection Yamaha_YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clarify.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Col-begin.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Col-break.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Col-end.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Yamaha_soundchips.
• Yamaha_YM2612 subject Category:Video_game_music.
• Yamaha_YM2612 subject Category:Yamaha_sound_chips.
• Yamaha_YM2612 hypernym Chip.
• Yamaha_YM2612 type Genre.
• Yamaha_YM2612 type Circuit.
• Yamaha_YM2612 type Genre.
• Yamaha_YM2612 type Product.
• Yamaha_YM2612 comment "The YM2612, aka OPN2, is a six-channel sound chip developed by Yamaha. It belongs to Yamaha's OPN family of FM synthesis chips used in several game and computer systems.Developed as a stripped-down version of the YM2608, it lacks its larger sibling's ADPCM channel, Rhythm Sound System, SSG components, and GPIO ports. It also includes a simplified sound mixer with integrated DAC. It was also available in CMOS form, as the YM3438, aka OPN2C.".
• Yamaha_YM2612 label "Yamaha YM2612".
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Yamaha_YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Yamaha_YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Yamaha_YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs m.01y72c.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Yamaha_YM2612.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Q2335099.
• Yamaha_YM2612 sameAs Q2335099.
• Yamaha_YM2612 wasDerivedFrom Yamaha_YM2612?oldid=679348383.
• Yamaha_YM2612 depiction Yamaha_YM2612_chip.jpg.
• Yamaha_YM2612 isPrimaryTopicOf Yamaha_YM2612.