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- Uranium abstract "Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the 6 naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2739–99.2752%), uranium-235 (0.7198–0.7202%), and a very small amount of uranium-234 (0.0050–0.0059%). Uranium decays slowly by emitting an alpha particle. The half-life of uranium-238 is about 4.47 billion years and that of uranium-235 is 704 million years, making them useful in dating the age of the Earth.Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope, uranium-233, can be produced from natural thorium and is also important in nuclear technology. While uranium-238 has a small probability for spontaneous fission or even induced fission with fast neutrons, uranium-235 and to a lesser degree uranium-233 have a much higher fission cross-section for slow neutrons. In sufficient concentration, these isotopes maintain a sustained nuclear chain reaction. This generates the heat in nuclear power reactors, and produces the fissile material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium (238U) is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating.Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.".
- Uranium thumbnail Nuclear_fission.svg?width=300.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink ?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&printsec=frontcover.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink Uranium.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@na+@rel+uranium,+radioactive.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink page34.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink uran.htm.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink uranium.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink MFURMDUR:IND.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink npgd0650.html.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink nuclear.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink uranium.html.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink EWG-paper_1-06_Uranium-Resources-Nuclear-Energy_03DEC2006.pdf.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink 092.htm.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink www.uxc.com.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink umaps.html.
- Uranium wikiPageExternalLink www.world-nuclear-news.org.
- Uranium wikiPageID "31743".
- Uranium wikiPageLength "86235".
- Uranium wikiPageOutDegree "548".
- Uranium wikiPageRevisionID "682547916".
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink 1,000,000,000.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink 1000000000_(number).
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Abundance_of_elements_in_Earths_crust.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Acid.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Actinide.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Age_of_the_Earth.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Air.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alkali.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alkali_metal.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alkaline_earth_metal.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Allotropy.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_decay.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_emission.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_particle.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Antimony.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Aqueous_solution.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Aquifer.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Arco,_Idaho.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Argentina.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Argonne_National_Laboratory.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Arms_race.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Arsenic.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Asia.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Athabasca_Basin.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_of_Earth.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_entry.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_reentry.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_bomb.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_nucleus.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_number.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_vapor_laser_isotope_separation.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_weight.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Ausonium.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Australia.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Autunite.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink BORAX-III.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink BORAX_experiments.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bacterium.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bakouma.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Berlin.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Beta_decay.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Beta_emission.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Beta_particle.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Binding_energy.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bioaccumulation.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bioremediation.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Body-centered_cubic.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bohemia.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bone.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Borehole_mining.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Breeder_reactor.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bromide.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Bromine.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink CANDU_reactor.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Cadmium.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Calcination.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Calcined.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_chloride.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Carbide.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_monoxide.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Carnotite.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Actinides.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chemical_elements.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Manhattan_Project.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_fuels.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_materials.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Suspected_male-mediated_teratogens.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Uranium.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Cell_organelle.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Central_African_Republic.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Centrifuge.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Ceramic.
- Uranium wikiPageWikiLink Charcoal.