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- Tuskegee_Airmen abstract "The Tuskegee Airmen /tʌsˈkiːɡiː/is the popular name of a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The name also applies to the navigators, bombardiers, mechanics, instructors, crew chiefs, nurses, cooks and other support personnel for the pilots.The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces. During World War II, black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws and the American military was racially segregated, as was much of the federal government. The Tuskegee Airmen were subjected to racial discrimination, both within and outside the army. All black military pilots who trained in the United States trained at Moton Field, the Tuskegee Army Air Field, and were educated at Tuskegee University, located near Tuskegee, Alabama; the group included five Haitians from the Haitian Air Force (Alix Pasquet, Raymond Cassagnol, Pelissier Nicolas, Ludovic Audant, and Eberle Guilbaud). There was also one pilot from Port of Spain, Trinidad, Eugene Theodore.Although the 477th Bombardment Group trained with North American B-25 Mitchell bombers, they never served in combat. The 99th Pursuit Squadron (later, 99th Fighter Squadron) was the first black flying squadron, and the first to deploy overseas (to North Africa in April 1943, and later to Sicily and Italy). The 332nd Fighter Group, which originally included the 100th, 301st, and 302nd Fighter Squadrons, was the first black flying group. The group deployed to Italy in early 1944. In June 1944, the 332nd Fighter Group began flying heavy bomber escort missions, and in July 1944, the 99th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the 332nd Fighter Group, which then had four fighter squadrons.The 99th Fighter Squadron was initially equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter-bomber aircraft. The 332nd Fighter Group and its 100th, 301st and 302nd Fighter Squadrons were equipped for initial combat missions with Bell P-39 Airacobras (March 1944), later with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts (June–July 1944), and finally with the aircraft with which they became most commonly associated, the North American P-51 Mustang (July 1944). When the pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group painted the tails of their P-47s and later, P-51s, red, the nickname "Red Tails" was coined. The red markings that distinguished the Tuskegee Airmen included red bands on the noses of P-51s as well as a red rudder, the P-51B and D Mustangs flew with similar color schemes, with red propeller spinners, yellow wing bands and all-red tail surfaces.".
- Tuskegee_Airmen activeYearsEndYear "1952".
- Tuskegee_Airmen activeYearsStartYear "1940".
- Tuskegee_Airmen battle World_War_II.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 100th_Fighter_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 301st_Fighter_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 302d_Fighter_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 332d_Expeditionary_Operations_Group.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 477th_Fighter_Group.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 618th_Bombardment_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 917th_Air_Refueling_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen commandStructure 919th_Air_Refueling_Squadron.
- Tuskegee_Airmen country United_States.
- Tuskegee_Airmen militaryBranch United_States_Air_Force.
- Tuskegee_Airmen militaryBranch United_States_Army_Air_Forces.
- Tuskegee_Airmen motto "Spit Fire".
- Tuskegee_Airmen role "Fighter unit".
- Tuskegee_Airmen thumbnail Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg?width=300.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageExternalLink tuskegee-airmen.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageExternalLink AFD-101222-041.pdf.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageExternalLink tuskegeeairmen.org.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageExternalLink AFD-130905-006.pdf.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageExternalLink www.redtail.org.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageRevisionID "682099814".
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States).
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 24th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States).
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 25th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States).
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 332d_Expeditionary_Operations_Group.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 477th_Fighter_Group.
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 555th_Parachute_Infantry_Battalion_(United_States).
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States).
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink 9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States).
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- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Air_Medal.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Aldine_Independent_School_District.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Alix_Pasquet.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Allied_invasion_of_Sicily.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Amelia_Earhart.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Amy_Adams.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Anthony_Hemingway.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Anzio.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Armed_Forces_of_Haiti.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Aviator.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Monte_Cassino.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bell_P-39_Airacobra.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Belleville,_Illinois.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_O._Davis,_Jr..
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_O._Davis_High_School.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_O._Davis_Jr..
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bessie_Coleman.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bombardier_(air_force).
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bombardier_(aircrew).
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bronze_Star.
- Tuskegee_Airmen wikiPageWikiLink Bronze_Star_Medal.