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- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery abstract "The complex relationship between Thomas Jefferson and slavery has been extensively studied and debated by his biographers and by scholars of slavery. Throughout his life, Jefferson owned hundreds of African-American slaves acquired by inheritance, marriage, births of slaves, and trade. Starting in 1767 at the age of twenty-one, Jefferson inherited 5,000 acres of land and fifty-two slaves by his father's will. In 1768 Jefferson began construction of his Monticello plantation. Through his marriage to Martha Wayles in 1772 and his father-in-law John Wayles inheritance in 1773 Jefferson inherited two plantations and 135 slaves. By 1776 Jefferson was one of the largest planters in Virginia. However, the value of his property (land and slaves) was increasingly offset by his growing debts, which made it very difficult to free his slaves and thereby lose them as assets.In his writings on American grievances justifying the Revolution, he attacked the British for sponsoring the slave trade to the colonies. In 1778 with Jefferson's leadership Virginia banned importing slaves into Virginia. It was one of the first jurisdictions in the world to ban the slave trade. Jefferson was a lifelong advocate of ending the trade and as President led the effort to criminalize the international slave trade that passed Congress and he signed on March 2, 1807; it took effect in 1808. Britain independently made the same move on March 25, 1807.In 1779, as a practical solution to end slavery Jefferson supported gradual emancipation, training, and colonization of African-American slaves rather than unconditional manumission, believing that releasing unprepared slaves with no place to go and no means to support themselves would only bring them misfortune. In 1784 Jefferson proposed federal legislation banning slavery in the New Territories of the North and South after 1800, which failed to pass Congress by one vote. In his Notes on the State of Virginia, published in 1785, Jefferson expressed the beliefs that slavery corrupted both masters and slaves alike, supported colonization of freed slaves, suspected that African-Americans were inferior in intelligence, and that emancipating large numbers of slaves made slave uprisings more likely. In 1794 and 1796 Jefferson manumitted by deed two of his male slaves; they had been trained and were qualified to hold employment.Most historians now generally accept that after the death of his wife Martha, Jefferson had a long-term relationship with her half-sister, Sally Hemings, a slave at Monticello. Critics maintained that the DNA and other evidence only shows that a Jefferson family member, but not nessarily Thomas, was the father. However, after a 1994 DNA test of the Hemings children and a further investigation into the other possible fathers (Thomas Jefferson's brother as well as his nephews Samuel and Peter Carr, none of whom were ever at Monticello at the time of conception of any of Sally Hemings' children) it was proven with 99.9% certainty that Jefferson did indeed father all of Hemings children. Jefferson allowed two of Sally Hemings's surviving four children to "escape": the other two he freed through his will after his death. This allowance of the Hemings children to "escape", further supports that Jefferson was indeed the father, for there are records of other escaped slaves that Jefferson had sent out descriptions of to the newspapers in order to have them returned to Monticello, for to lose the slaves would have been a loss of money for Jefferson. Thus, it is considered very peculiar that Jefferson would simply have allowed two slaves to escape and not seek their return, especially because during this time Jefferson was in need of money. The Sally Hemings children were the only family to gain freedom from Monticello. In 1824 Jefferson proposed a national plan to end slavery by the federal government purchasing African-American slave children for twelve dollars and fifty cents, raising and training them in occupations of freemen, and sending them to the country of Santo Domingo. In his will, Jefferson freed three other male slaves, all older men who had worked for him for decades. After his death, his daughter Martha Randolph gave Sally Hemings and Wormley Hughes "their time," an informal freedom. In 1827 the remaining 130 slaves at Monticello were sold to pay the debts of Jefferson's estate.".
- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery birthDate "1743-04-13".
- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery birthPlace Shadwell_(Virginia).
- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery deathDate "1826-07-04".
- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery deathPlace Charlottesville,_Virginia.
- Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery occupation Farmer.
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