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- Testudo_formation abstract "In Ancient Roman warfare, the testudo or tortoise formation was a formation used commonly by the Roman Legions during battles, particularly sieges. Testudo is the Latin word for "tortoise". The Greek term for this formation is "chelone" and during the Byzantine era, it seems to have evolved to what military manuals of the era call the "foulkon".In the testudo formation, the men would align their shields to form a packed formation covered with shields on the front and top. The first row of men, possibly excluding the men on the flanks, would hold their shields from about the height of their shins to their eyes, so as to cover the formation's front. The shields would be held in such a way that they presented a shield wall to all sides. The men in the back ranks would place their shields over their heads to protect the formation from above, balancing the shields on their helmets, overlapping them. If necessary, the legionaries on the sides and rear of the formation could stand sideways or backwards with shields held as the front rows, so as to protect the formation's sides and rear; this made the formation slow and they covered very little ground.Plutarch describes this formation as used by Mark Antony during his invasion of Parthia in 36 BC:"Then the shield-bearers wheeled round and enclosed the light-armed troops within their ranks, dropped down to one knee, and held their shields out as a defensive barrier. The men behind them held their shields over the heads of the first rank, while the third rank did the same for the second rank. The resulting shape, which is a remarkable sight, looks very like a roof, and is the surest protection against arrows, which just glance off it."Cassius Dio writes about the testudo when describing the campaign of Mark Antony in 36 BC:"This testudo and the way in which it is formed are as follows. The Baggage animals, the light-armed troops, and the cavalry are placed in the center of the army. The heavy-armed troops who use the oblong, curved, and cylindrical shields are drawn up around the outside, making a rectangular figure, and, facing outward and holding their arms at the ready, they enclose the rest. The others who have flat shields, form a compact body in the center and raise their shields over the heads of all the others, so that nothing but shields can be seen in every part of the phalanx alike and all the men by the density of the formation are under shelter from missiles. Indeed, it is so marvelously strong that men can walk upon it and whenever they come to a narrow ravine, even horses and vehicles can be driven over it."↑".
- Testudo_formation thumbnail Testudo_formation.jpg?width=300.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageExternalLink books?id=wh4lkfI2TwQC.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageExternalLink Rance2.pdf..
- Testudo_formation wikiPageID "1386259".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageLength "5620".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageOutDegree "25".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageRevisionID "670209505".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Rome.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Carrhae.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Berkut_(special_police_force).
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Cassius_Dio.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Cataphract.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Cataphracts.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Infantry_units_and_formations_of_ancient_Rome.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Roman_shields.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Roman_tactical_formations.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Tactical_formations.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Cavalry_archer.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Euromaidan.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Kiev.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Mark_Antony.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Mounted_archery.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Parthia.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Plutarch.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Legion.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Roman_infantry_tactics.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Roman_legion.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Scutum_(shield).
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Trajans_Column.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink Ukraine.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink War.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLink File:Testudo_formation.jpg.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "''testudo'' (tortoise) formation".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "''testudo''".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Shield unit".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Testudo formation".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "military tactic".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "testudo formation".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "testudo".
- Testudo_formation wikiPageWikiLinkText "testudos".
- Testudo_formation hasPhotoCollection Testudo_formation.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Quote.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Testudo_formation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:RomanMilitary.
- Testudo_formation subject Category:Infantry_units_and_formations_of_ancient_Rome.
- Testudo_formation subject Category:Roman_shields.
- Testudo_formation subject Category:Roman_tactical_formations.
- Testudo_formation subject Category:Tactical_formations.
- Testudo_formation hypernym Formation.
- Testudo_formation type Article.
- Testudo_formation type MilitaryUnit.
- Testudo_formation type Article.
- Testudo_formation type Formation.
- Testudo_formation type Unit.
- Testudo_formation comment "In Ancient Roman warfare, the testudo or tortoise formation was a formation used commonly by the Roman Legions during battles, particularly sieges. Testudo is the Latin word for "tortoise". The Greek term for this formation is "chelone" and during the Byzantine era, it seems to have evolved to what military manuals of the era call the "foulkon".In the testudo formation, the men would align their shields to form a packed formation covered with shields on the front and top.".
- Testudo_formation label "Testudo formation".
- Testudo_formation sameAs تشكيل_السلحفاة.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Костенурка_(формация).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testudo_(formació).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Želva_(formace).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Schildkrötenformation.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Tortuga_(formación).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Tortue_(formation).
- Testudo_formation sameAs טסטודו.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testuggine_romana.
- Testudo_formation sameAs テストゥド.
- Testudo_formation sameAs კუ_(რომაული_სამხედრო_განლაგება).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testudo_(res_militaris).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Vėžlio_rikiuotė.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testudo_(formatie).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Skjoldborg.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testudo_(szyk).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Formação_tartaruga.
- Testudo_formation sameAs m.04yfxr.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Черепаха_(боевой_порядок).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Testudo.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Korytnačka_(formácia).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Želva_(rimska_vojska).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Корњача_(војна_формација).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Черепаха_(бойовий_порядок).
- Testudo_formation sameAs Đội_hình_con_rùa.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Q530023.
- Testudo_formation sameAs Q530023.
- Testudo_formation wasDerivedFrom Testudo_formation?oldid=670209505.
- Testudo_formation depiction Testudo_formation.jpg.
- Testudo_formation isPrimaryTopicOf Testudo_formation.