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- Taiping_Rebellion abstract "The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War (simplified Chinese: 太平天国运动; traditional Chinese: 太平天國運動; pinyin: Taìpíng Tīanguó Yùndòng) was a major civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Christian millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. The Taiping Civil War began in the southwestern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of persecution against a Christian sect known as the God Worshipping Society led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The Taiping Civil War was mostly fought in the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hubei, but over 14 years of war, the Taiping Army had marched through every regularized province of China proper except Gansu. The war was the largest in China since the Qing conquest in 1644, and ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war, and the largest conflict of the nineteenth century with estimates of war dead ranging from 20 to 70 million dead, as well as millions more displaced.Hostilities began on January 1, 1851 when the Qing Green Standard Army launched an attack against the God Worshipping Society at the town of Jintian, Guangxi. Hong declared himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace (or Taiping Heavenly Kingdom), from which the term Taipings has often been applied to them in the English language. The Taipings began marching north in September 1851 to escape Qing forces closing in on them. On March 19, 1853, the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing and Hong declared it the Heavenly Capital of his kingdom.For a decade, the Taiping occupied and fought across much of the mid and lower Yangzi valley, some of the wealthiest and most productive lands in the Qing empire. The Taiping nearly managed to capture the Qing capital of Beijing with a northern expedition launched in May 1853, and were quite successful in capturing large parts of Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hubei provinces with a western expedition launched in June 1853. Qing imperial troops proved to be largely ineffective in halting Taiping advances, focusing on a perpetually stalemated siege of Nanjing. In Hunan Province, a local irregular army, called the Xiang Army or Hunan Army, under the personal leadership of Zeng Guofan, became the main armed force fighting for the Qing against the Taiping. Zeng’s Xiang Army proved effective in gradually turning back the Taiping advance in the western theater of the war.In 1856, the Taiping were weakened after infighting after an attempted coup led by the East King, Yang Xiuqing. During this time, the Xiang Army managed to gradually retake much of Hubei and Jiangxi province. In May 1860, the Taiping defeated the imperial forces that had been besieging Nanjing since 1853, eliminating imperial forces from the region and opening the way for a successful invasion of southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang province, the wealthiest region of the Qing Empire. While Taiping forces were preoccupied in Jiangsu, Zeng’s forces moved down the Yangzi River capturing Anqing on September 5, 1861.In May 1862, the Xiang Army began directly sieging Nanjing and managed to hold firm despite numerous attempts by the Taiping Army to dislodge them with superior numbers. Hong died on June 1, 1864, and Nanjing fell shortly after on July 19. After the fall of Nanjing, Zeng Guofan and many of his protégées, such as Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang, were celebrated as saviors of the Qing empire and were some of the most powerful men in late-nineteenth century China. A small remainder of loyal Taiping forces continued to fight in northern Zhejiang, rallying behind Hong’s teenage son Tianguifu, but after Tianguifu’s capture on October 25, 1864, Taiping resistance was gradually pushed into the highlands of Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, and finally Guangdong, where the last Taiping loyalist, Wang Haiyang, was defeated in January 29, 1866.".
- Taiping_Rebellion causalties "145,000 killed".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "*".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "*Huai Army".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "*Xiang Army".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "Later stages:".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom".
- Taiping_Rebellion combatant "United States".
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Auguste_Léopold_Protet.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Charles_George_Gordon.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Chen_Yucheng.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Empress_Dowager_Cixi.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Feng_Yunshan.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Frederick_Townsend_Ward.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Guanwen.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Henry_Andres_Burgevine.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Hong_Xiuquan.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Li_Hongzhang.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Li_Shixian.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Li_Xiucheng.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Sengge_Rinchen.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Shi_Dakai.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Wei_Changhui.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Xianfeng_Emperor.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Xiao_Chaogui.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Yang_Xiuqing.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Zeng_Guofan.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Zhang_Guoliang.
- Taiping_Rebellion commander Zuo_Zongtang.
- Taiping_Rebellion result "* Diminished power of the central court over the provinces".
- Taiping_Rebellion result "* Fall of theTaiping Heavenly Kingdom".
- Taiping_Rebellion result "* Qing victory".
- Taiping_Rebellion result "* Rise of irregular provincial armies".
- Taiping_Rebellion strength "1,100,000+".
- Taiping_Rebellion strength "500,000".
- Taiping_Rebellion thumbnail Regaining_the_Provincial_City_Anqing2.jpg?width=300.
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- Taiping_Rebellion wikiPageWikiLink Category:1850_in_China.
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- Taiping_Rebellion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_France.
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- Taiping_Rebellion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Wars_involving_the_United_Kingdom.
- Taiping_Rebellion wikiPageWikiLink Category:World_Digital_Library_related.
- Taiping_Rebellion wikiPageWikiLink Charles_George_Gordon.
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