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- Spirotrich abstract "The spirotrichs are a large and distinctive group of ciliate protozoa. They typically have prominent oral cilia in the form of a series of polykinetids, called the adoral zone of membranelles, beginning anterior to the oral cavity and running down to the left side of the mouth. There may also be one or two paroral membranes on its right side. The body cilia are fused to form polykinetids called cirri in some, and are sparse to absent in others.Forms with cirri are common throughout soil, freshwater, and marine environments. Individuals tend to be flattened, with cirri confined to the ventral surface. These are variously used for crawling over objects, acting as feet, swimming, or assisting in food capture. They are generally divided into hypotrichs and stichotrichs, but were originally all considered hypotrichs.Forms with sparse or absent body cilia tend to be smaller and are mostly marine, but a few are common in freshwater. Again, they are generally divided into oligotrichs and choreotrichs, but were originally all considered oligotrichs. The latter group includes the tintinnids, which produce loricae or shells and are the predominant fossil ciliates.As first defined by Bütschli in 1889 the spirotrichs were one of two orders, together with the now-abandoned holotrichs, and included all ciliates with prominent oral cilia: heterotrichs, hypotrichs, oligotrichs, and peritrichs, although the last were soon separated. The heterotrichs have an adoral zone of membranelles, but molecular and ultrastructure studies have shown they are a separate group that diverged from most other ciliates early on. A few of the smaller groups included with them may be genuine spirotrichs, however, such as the Protocruziida.The remaining spirotrichs form a monophyletic group, but their relationships are uncertain. For the most part the oligotrichs and choreotrichs appear to form closely related, natural groups. However Halteria and its close relatives, originally considered oligotrichs, form a separate group and may even be modified stichotrichs. Studies also suggest the hypotrichs are paraphyletic to the stichotrichs, and possibly to the oligotrichs and choreotrichs as well. This stands in contrast to the earlier belief that they were the most advanced of all protozoa.".
- Spirotrich colourName "greenyellow".
- Spirotrich domain Eukaryote.
- Spirotrich kingdom SAR_supergroup.
- Spirotrich phylum Alveolate.
- Spirotrich phylum Ciliate.
- Spirotrich thumbnail Euplotes.jpg?width=300.
- Spirotrich wikiPageExternalLink wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=33829.
- Spirotrich wikiPageID "26788".
- Spirotrich wikiPageLength "3116".
- Spirotrich wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Spirotrich wikiPageRevisionID "682166218".
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Alveolata.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Alveolate.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ciliates.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Choreotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Ciliate.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryota.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryote.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Heterotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Holotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Holotricha.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Hypotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Membranelle.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Monophyletic.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Monophyly.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Oligotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Otto_Bütschli.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Paraphyletic.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Paraphyly.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Peritrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Protocruziida.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink SAR_supergroup.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Stichotrich.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLink Tintinnid.
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLinkText "Spirotrich".
- Spirotrich wikiPageWikiLinkText "spirotrich".
- Spirotrich classis "Spirotrichea".
- Spirotrich classisAuthority "Bütschli 1889".
- Spirotrich color "greenyellow".
- Spirotrich domain Eukaryota.
- Spirotrich domain Eukaryote.
- Spirotrich hasPhotoCollection Spirotrich.
- Spirotrich imageCaption "Euplotes, a spirotrich".
- Spirotrich name "Spirotrichs".
- Spirotrich phylum Ciliate.
- Spirotrich subdivision "Choreotrichia".
- Spirotrich subdivision "Hypotrichia".
- Spirotrich subdivision "Oligotrichia".
- Spirotrich subdivision "Stichotrichia".
- Spirotrich subdivisionRanks "Typical subclasses".
- Spirotrich superphylum Alveolata.
- Spirotrich superphylum Alveolate.
- Spirotrich unrankedRegnum SAR_supergroup.
- Spirotrich wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Alveolata.
- Spirotrich wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- Spirotrich wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Taxobox.
- Spirotrich wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unreferenced.
- Spirotrich subject Category:Ciliates.
- Spirotrich hypernym Group.
- Spirotrich type Article.
- Spirotrich type Band.
- Spirotrich type Eukaryote.
- Spirotrich type Species.
- Spirotrich type Article.
- Spirotrich type Thing.
- Spirotrich type Concept.
- Spirotrich type Q19088.
- Spirotrich comment "The spirotrichs are a large and distinctive group of ciliate protozoa. They typically have prominent oral cilia in the form of a series of polykinetids, called the adoral zone of membranelles, beginning anterior to the oral cavity and running down to the left side of the mouth. There may also be one or two paroral membranes on its right side.".
- Spirotrich label "Spirotrich".
- Spirotrich sameAs Спіральнараснічныя_інфузорыі.
- Spirotrich sameAs Spirotrichea.
- Spirotrich sameAs Spirotrichea.
- Spirotrich sameAs ნაირწამწამიანები.
- Spirotrich sameAs 선모류.
- Spirotrich sameAs m.06n9j.
- Spirotrich sameAs Spirotrichea.
- Spirotrich sameAs Q117735.
- Spirotrich sameAs Q117735.
- Spirotrich wasDerivedFrom Spirotrich?oldid=682166218.
- Spirotrich depiction Euplotes.jpg.
- Spirotrich isPrimaryTopicOf Spirotrich.
- Spirotrich name "Spirotrichs".