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- Sperm_motility abstract "Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg. Sperm motility can also be thought of as the quality, which is a factor in successful conception; sperm that do not "swim" properly will not reach the egg in order to fertilize it. Sperm motility in mammals also facilitates the passage of the sperm through the cumulus oophorus (a layer of cells) and the zona pellucida (a layer of extracellular matrix), which surround the mammalian oocyte. In the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, sperms aggregate in 'trains' that are better able to fertilize eggs because they are more capable of navigating the viscous environment of the female reproductive tract. The trains move in a sinusoidal motion.Sperm motility is also affected by certain factors released by eggs.Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration. The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species. In marine invertebrates and sea urchins, the rise in pH to about 7.2-7.6 activates ATPase which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium, and thus induces membrane hyperpolarization. As a result, sperm movement is activated. The change in cell volume which alters intracellular ion concentration can also contribute to the activation of sperm motility. In some mammals, sperm motility is activated by increase in pH, calcium ion and cAMP, yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis.The tail of the sperm - the flagellum - confers motility upon the sperm, and has three principal components: a central skeleton constructed of 11 microtubules collectively termed the axoneme and similar to the equivalent structure found in cilia a thin cell membrane covering the axoneme mitochondria arranged spirally around it the axoneme,Back and forth movement of the tail results from a rhythmical longitudinal sliding motion between the anterior and posterior tubules that make up the axoneme. The energy for this process is supplied by ATP produced by mitochondria. The velocity of a sperm in fluid medium is usually 1-4 mm/min. This allows the sperm to move towards an ovum in order to fertilize it.In mammals, spermatozoa mature functionally through a process which is known as capacitation. When spermatozoa reach the isthmic oviduct, their motility has been reported to be reduced as they attach to epithelium. Near the time of ovulation, hyperactivation occurs. During this process, the flagella move with high curvature and long wavelength. Hyperactivation is initiated by extracellular calcium; however, the factors that regulate calcium level is unknown.Without technological intervention, a non-motile or abnormally-motile sperm is not going to fertilize. Therefore, the fraction of a sperm population that is motile is widely used as a measure of semen quality . Insufficient sperm motility is a common cause of subfertility or infertility. Several measures are available to improve sperm quality.".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageExternalLink chapter4b.html.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageExternalLink sperm-count.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageExternalLink motility.html.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageID "13798173".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageLength "5332".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageOutDegree "31".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageRevisionID "649602729".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink ATPase.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Axoneme.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Capacitation.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Category:Andrology.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Category:Fertility.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Cilium.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Cumulus_oophorus.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Egg_cell.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Epididymis.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink External_fertilization.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular_matrix.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Fertilisation.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Flagellum.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Hyperpolarization_(biology).
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Infertility.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Internal_fertilization.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Mammal.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Mammals.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Marine_invertebrates.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Microtubule.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Oocyte.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Oviduct.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Ovum.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Sea_urchin.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Semen_quality.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Sperm.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Spermatozoa.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Spermatozoon.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Subfertility.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLink Zona_pellucida.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLinkText "Sperm motility".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLinkText "are the most motile".
- Sperm_motility wikiPageWikiLinkText "sperm motility".
- Sperm_motility hasPhotoCollection Sperm_motility.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Sperm_motility wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Sperm_motility subject Category:Andrology.
- Sperm_motility subject Category:Fertility.
- Sperm_motility type Article.
- Sperm_motility type Article.
- Sperm_motility type Obstetric.
- Sperm_motility type Page.
- Sperm_motility type Specialty.
- Sperm_motility comment "Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg. Sperm motility can also be thought of as the quality, which is a factor in successful conception; sperm that do not "swim" properly will not reach the egg in order to fertilize it.".
- Sperm_motility label "Sperm motility".
- Sperm_motility sameAs m.03cjktp.
- Sperm_motility sameAs Q700003.
- Sperm_motility sameAs Q700003.
- Sperm_motility wasDerivedFrom Sperm_motility?oldid=649602729.
- Sperm_motility isPrimaryTopicOf Sperm_motility.