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- Space_Transportation_System abstract "The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles envisioned by NASA in 1969 to support extended operations beyond the Apollo program. (NASA appropriated the name for its Space Shuttle Program, the only component of the proposal to survive Congressional funding approval.) The purpose of the system was twofold: to reduce the cost of spaceflight by replacing the current method of launching "capsules" on expendable rockets with reusable spacecraft; and to support ambitious follow-on programs including permanent orbiting space stations around the Earth and Moon, and a human landing mission to Mars.In February 1969, President Richard Nixon appointed a Space Task Group headed by Vice President Spiro Agnew to recommend human space projects beyond Apollo. The group responded in September with the outline of the STS, and three different program levels of effort culminating with a human Mars landing by 1983 at the earliest, and by the end of the twentieth century at the latest. The system's major components consisted of: a permanent space station module designed for 6 to 12 occupants, in a 270-nautical-mile (500 km) Earth orbit, and as a permanent lunar orbit station. Modules could be combined in Earth orbit to create a 50 to 100 person permanent station. a chemically fueled low-Earth orbit (100-to-270-nautical-mile (190 to 500 km)) shuttle a chemically fueled space tug to move crew and equipment between Earth orbits (including geosynchronous), and which could be adapted for use as a lunar orbit-to-surface shuttle a nuclear-powered vehicle using the NERVA engine to ferry crew, spacecraft and supplies between low Earth orbit and lunar orbit, geosynchronous orbit, or to other planets in the solar system. The tug and ferry vehicles would be of a modular design, allowing them to be clustered and/or staged for large payloads or interplanetary missions. The system would be supported by permanent Earth and lunar orbital propellant depots. The Saturn V might still have been used as a heavy lift launch vehicle for the nuclear ferry and space station modules. A special "Mars Excursion Module" would be the only remaining vehicle necessary for a human Mars landing.As Apollo accomplished its objective of landing the first men on the Moon, political support for further manned space activities began to wane, which was reflected in unwillingness of the Congress to provide funding for most of these extended activities. Based on this, Nixon rejected all parts of the program except the Space Shuttle which inherited the STS name. As funded, the Shuttle was greatly scaled back from its planned degree of reusabliilty, and deferred in time. The Shuttle first flew in 1981, and was retired in 2011.A second part of the system, Space Station Freedom, was approved in the early 1980s and announced in 1984 by president Ronald Reagan. However, this also became politically unviable by 1993, and was replaced with the International Space Station, with substantial contribution by Russia. The ISS was completed in 2010.".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink five-options-for-nasas-future-1970.html.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink sp4221.htm.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink spacetug.htm.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink contents.htm.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink 19810065609_1981065609.pdf.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageExternalLink taskgrp.html.
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- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageID "2348552".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageLength "6463".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageOutDegree "29".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageRevisionID "664963139".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Apollo_program.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Category:NASA_programs.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Geosynchronous_orbit.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Heavy_lift_launch_vehicle.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink International_Space_Station.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Low-Earth_orbit.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Low_Earth_orbit.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Mars.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Mars_Excursion_Module.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Multistage_rocket.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink NASA.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink NERVA.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_thermal_rocket.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Propellant_depot.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Richard_Nixon.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Ronald_Reagan.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Russia.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Saturn_V.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_Shuttle.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_Shuttle_Program.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_Shuttle_design_process.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_Shuttle_program.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_Station_Freedom.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_station.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Space_tug.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink Spiro_Agnew.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink File:North_American_Rockwell_P333.jpg.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink File:Nuclear_Shuttle_missions.jpg.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLink File:Space_tug_parts.jpg.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLinkText "STS".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLinkText "Space Transportation System".
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageWikiLinkText "a system of reusable spacecraft".
- Space_Transportation_System hasPhotoCollection Space_Transportation_System.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:About.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clear.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Empty_section.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Expand_section.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Main.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:More_footnotes.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:NASA_space_program.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Space_Transportation_System wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:See_also.
- Space_Transportation_System subject Category:NASA_programs.
- Space_Transportation_System hypernym System.
- Space_Transportation_System type Article.
- Space_Transportation_System type Article.
- Space_Transportation_System type Program.
- Space_Transportation_System type Thing.
- Space_Transportation_System comment "The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles envisioned by NASA in 1969 to support extended operations beyond the Apollo program.".
- Space_Transportation_System label "Space Transportation System".
- Space_Transportation_System seeAlso NERVA.
- Space_Transportation_System seeAlso Space_tug.
- Space_Transportation_System sameAs Sistema_de_Transporte_Espacial.
- Space_Transportation_System sameAs m.0bh9rfm.
- Space_Transportation_System sameAs Q17082521.
- Space_Transportation_System sameAs Q17082521.
- Space_Transportation_System wasDerivedFrom Space_Transportation_System?oldid=664963139.
- Space_Transportation_System isPrimaryTopicOf Space_Transportation_System.