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- Simple_cell abstract "For the electrical cell see Simple cell (electricity)A simple cell in the primary visual cortex is a cell that responds primarily to oriented edges and gratings (bars of particular orientations). These cells were discovered by Torsten Wiesel and David Hubel in the late 1950s.Hubel and Wiesel named these cells "simple," as opposed to "complex cell", because they shared the following properties: They have distinct excitatory and inhibitory regions. These regions follow the summation property. These regions have mutual antagonism - excitatory and inhibitory regions balance themselves out in diffuse lighting. It is possible to predict responses of moving stimuli given the map of excitatory and inhibitory regions.Some other researchers such as Peter Bishop and Peter Schiller used different definitions for simple and complex cells.Such cells are tuned to different frequencies and orientations, even with different phase relationships, possibly for extracting disparity (depth) information and to attribute depth to detected lines and edges. This may result in a 3D 'wire-frame' representation as used in computer graphics. The fact that input from the left and right eyes is very close in the so-called cortical hypercolumns is an indication that depth processing occurs at a very early stage, aiding recognition of 3D objects. Using the mathematical Gabor model with sine and cosine components (phases), so-called complex cells are then modeled by computing the modulus of complex Gabor responses (cos + i*sin). Both simple and complex cells are seen as linear operators (filters) because they respond to many patterns.However, it has been claimed that the Gabor model does not conform to the anatomical structure of the visual system as it short-cuts the LGN and uses the 2D image as it is projected on the retina. Azzopardi and Petkov have proposed a computational model of a simple cell, which combines the responses of model LGN cells with center-surround receptive fields (RFs). They call it Combination of RFs (CORF) model. Besides orientation selectivity, it exhibits cross orientation suppression, contrast invariant orientation tuning and response saturation. These properties are observed in real simple cells but are not possessed by the Gabor model. Using simulated reverse correlation they also demonstrate that the RF map of the CORF model can be divided into elongated excitatory and inhibitory regions typical of simple cells.Later, many other cells with specific functions have been discovered: (a) end-stopped cells which are thought to detect singularities like line and edge crossings, vertices and line endings; (b) bar and grating cells. The latter are not linear operators because a bar cell does not respond when seeing a bar which is part of a periodic grating, and a grating cell does not respond when seeing an isolated bar.".
- Simple_cell thumbnail Gabor_filter.png?width=300.
- Simple_cell wikiPageID "6320685".
- Simple_cell wikiPageLength "4193".
- Simple_cell wikiPageOutDegree "18".
- Simple_cell wikiPageRevisionID "646406438".
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Brodmann_areas.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cerebrum.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Visual_system.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Complex_cell.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink David_H._Hubel.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink David_Hubel.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Gabor_filter.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Lateral_geniculate_nucleus.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Primary_cell.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Receptive_field.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Retina.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Simple_cell_(electricity).
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Spike-triggered_average.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Surround_suppression.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Torsten_Wiesel.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink Visual_cortex.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLink File:Gabor_filter.png.
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLinkText "Simple cell".
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLinkText "simple cell".
- Simple_cell wikiPageWikiLinkText "simple".
- Simple_cell hasPhotoCollection Simple_cell.
- Simple_cell wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Simple_cell subject Category:Brodmann_areas.
- Simple_cell subject Category:Cerebrum.
- Simple_cell subject Category:Visual_system.
- Simple_cell hypernym Cell.
- Simple_cell type AnatomicalStructure.
- Simple_cell type Area.
- Simple_cell type Article.
- Simple_cell type Area.
- Simple_cell type Article.
- Simple_cell comment "For the electrical cell see Simple cell (electricity)A simple cell in the primary visual cortex is a cell that responds primarily to oriented edges and gratings (bars of particular orientations). These cells were discovered by Torsten Wiesel and David Hubel in the late 1950s.Hubel and Wiesel named these cells "simple," as opposed to "complex cell", because they shared the following properties: They have distinct excitatory and inhibitory regions. These regions follow the summation property.".
- Simple_cell label "Simple cell".
- Simple_cell sameAs m.0g0xjb.
- Simple_cell sameAs Q7520789.
- Simple_cell sameAs Q7520789.
- Simple_cell wasDerivedFrom Simple_cell?oldid=646406438.
- Simple_cell depiction Gabor_filter.png.
- Simple_cell isPrimaryTopicOf Simple_cell.