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- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons abstract "Signal enhancement by extravascular water protons, or SEEP, is a contrast mechanism for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is an alternative to the more commonly employed BOLD (blood-oxygen-level dependent) contrast. This mechanism for image contrast changes corresponding to changes in neuronal activity was first proposed by Dr. Patrick Stroman in 2001 (1, 2). SEEP contrast is based on changes in tissue water content which arise from the increased production of extracellular fluid (3, 4) and swelling of neurons and glial cells at sites of neuronal activity (5, 6). Because the dominant sources of MRI signal in biological tissues are water and lipids, an increase in tissue water content is reflected by a local increase in MR signal intensity. A correspondence between BOLD and SEEP signal changes, and sites of activity, has been observed in the brain and appears to arise from the common dependence on changes in local blood flow to cause a change in blood oxygenation or to produce extracellular fluid (7, 8). The advantage of SEEP contrast is that it can be detected with MR imaging methods which are relatively insensitive to magnetic susceptibility differences between air, tissues, blood, and bone. Such susceptibility differences can give rise to spatial image distortions and areas of low signal, and magnetic susceptibility changes in blood give rise to the BOLD contrast for fMRI. The primary application of SEEP to date has been fMRI of the spinal cord (spinal fMRI) because the bone/tissue interfaces around the spinal cord cause poor image quality with conventional fMRI methods. The disadvantages of SEEP compared to BOLD contrast are that it reveals more localized areas of activity, and in the brain the signal intensity changes are typically lower, and it can therefore be more difficult to detect (7-10).It is also controversial because it is not universally agreed to exist as a contrast mechanism for fMRI.However, more recent studies have demonstrated changes in MRI signal corresponding with changes in neuronal activity in rat cortical tissue slices, in the absence of blood flow or changes in oxygenation, and neuronal activity and cellular swelling were corroborated by light-transmittance microscopy.This demonstrated SEEP contrast in the absence of confounding factors which can occur in-vivo, such as physiological motion and the possibility of concurrent BOLD contrast.".
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- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageOutDegree "12".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageRevisionID "373131986".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Blood-oxygen-level_dependent.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Category:Neuroimaging.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular_fluid.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Glial_cell.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink J_Cereb_Blood_Flow_Metab.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Journal_of_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_&_Metabolism.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_resonance_imaging.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_susceptibility.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink NeuroImage.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Neuroglia.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Neuron.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLink Spinal_fMRI.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLinkText "SEEP fMRI".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLinkText "Signal enhancement by extravascular water protons".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageWikiLinkText "signal enhancement by extravascular water protons".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons hasPhotoCollection Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons subject Category:Neuroimaging.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons hypernym Mechanism.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons type Organisation.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons comment "Signal enhancement by extravascular water protons, or SEEP, is a contrast mechanism for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is an alternative to the more commonly employed BOLD (blood-oxygen-level dependent) contrast. This mechanism for image contrast changes corresponding to changes in neuronal activity was first proposed by Dr. Patrick Stroman in 2001 (1, 2).".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons label "Signal enhancement by extravascular water protons".
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons sameAs m.0409f4x.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons sameAs Q7512715.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons sameAs Q7512715.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons wasDerivedFrom Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons?oldid=373131986.
- Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons isPrimaryTopicOf Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons.