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- Robert_the_Bruce abstract "Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys, Early Scots: Robert Brus), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert was one of the most famous warriors of his generation, and eventually led Scotland during the first of the Wars of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent nation and is today remembered in Scotland as a national hero.Descended from the Anglo-Norman and Gaelic nobilities, his paternal fourth-great grandfather was David I. Robert’s grandfather, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, was one of the claimants to the Scottish throne during the "Great Cause". As Earl of Carrick, Robert the Bruce supported his family’s claim to the throne and took part in William Wallace’s revolt against Edward I of England. In 1298, Bruce became a Guardian of Scotland alongside his great rival for the Scottish throne, John Comyn, and William Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews. Bruce resigned as guardian in 1300 due in part to his quarrels with Comyn but chiefly because the restoration of King John seemed imminent. In 1302, he submitted to Edward I and returned to "the king’s peace". When his father died in 1304, Bruce inherited his family’s claim to the throne. In February 1306, following an argument during a meeting at Greyfriars monastery, Dumfries, Bruce killed Comyn. He was excommunicated by the Pope but absolved by Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow.Bruce moved quickly to seize the throne and was crowned king of Scots on 25 March 1306, at Scone. Edward I’s forces defeated Robert in battle, and Bruce was forced to flee into hiding in the Hebrides and Ireland before returning in 1307 to defeat an English army at Loudoun Hill and wage a highly successful guerrilla war against the English. Bruce defeated the Comyns and his other Scots enemies, destroying their strongholds and devastating their lands from Buchan to Galloway. In 1309, he held his first parliament at St Andrews, and a series of military victories between 1310 and 1314 won him control of much of Scotland. At the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314, Bruce defeated a much larger English army under Edward II, confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish monarchy. The battle marked a significant turning point, and, freed from English threats, Scotland's armies could now invade northern England; Bruce launched devastating raids into Lancashire and Yorkshire. He also decided to expand his war against the English and create a second front by sending an army under his younger brother, Edward, to invade Ireland, appealing to the native Irish to rise against Edward II's rule.Despite Bannockburn and the capture of the final English stronghold at Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to give up his claim to the overlordship of Scotland. In 1320, the Scottish magnates and nobles submitted the Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII, declaring Bruce as their rightful monarch and asserting Scotland’s status as an independent kingdom. In 1324, the Pope recognised Bruce as king of an independent Scotland, and in 1326, the Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son, Edward III, and peace was temporarily concluded between Scotland and England with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, by which Edward III renounced all claims to sovereignty over Scotland.Robert The Bruce died on 7 June 1329. His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey. Bruce's lieutenant and friend Sir James Douglas agreed to take the late King's embalmed heart on crusade to the Lord's Sepulchre in the Holy Land, but he reached only as far as Moorish Granada. Douglas was killed in battle during the siege of Teba while fulfilling his promise. His body and the casket containing the embalmed heart were found upon the field. They were both conveyed back to Scotland by Sir William Keith of Galston.".
- Robert_the_Bruce activeYearsEndYear "1306".
- Robert_the_Bruce activeYearsStartYear "1306".
- Robert_the_Bruce birthDate "1274-07-11".
- Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Ayrshire.
- Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Turnberry_Castle.
- Robert_the_Bruce birthYear "1274".
- Robert_the_Bruce deathDate "1329-06-07".
- Robert_the_Bruce deathPlace Cardross,_Argyll.
- Robert_the_Bruce deathPlace Cardross,_Argyll_and_Bute.
- Robert_the_Bruce deathYear "1329".
- Robert_the_Bruce parent Marjorie,_Countess_of_Carrick.
- Robert_the_Bruce parent Robert_de_Brus,_6th_Lord_of_Annandale.
- Robert_the_Bruce predecessor John_Balliol.
- Robert_the_Bruce restingPlace Dunfermline_Abbey.
- Robert_the_Bruce restingPlace Melrose_Abbey.
- Robert_the_Bruce successor David_II_of_Scotland.
- Robert_the_Bruce thumbnail Robertthebruce.jpg?width=300.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink 3754.html.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink T310000-001.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink menu4.html.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink chronicongalfrid00bakeuoft.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink contents.htm.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink trust.html.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3103.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink www.robertthebruceheritagecentre.co.uk.
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- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeen.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeenshire_(historic).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeenshire_(traditional).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Absolution.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alabaster.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alan_fitz_Walter,_2nd_High_Steward_of_Scotland.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alberta.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alberta_College_of_Art_and_Design.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_III_of_Scotland.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Monro_(tertius).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Og_MacDonald,_Lord_of_Islay.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_de_Brus.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Alfonso_XI_of_Castile.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Amice_Fitz_Robert.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Anglo-Norman.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Anglo-Norman_language.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Annandale.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Annandale,_Dumfries_and_Galloway.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Anointing.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Antony_Bek_(bishop_of_Durham).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aoife_MacMurrough.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Archbishop_of_Glasgow.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Archbishop_of_St_Andrews.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Argyll.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Auld_Alliance.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aymer_de_Valence.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Aymer_de_Valence,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Ayrshire.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Badenoch.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Balvenie_Castle.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Banff,_Aberdeenshire.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Bannockburn.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Dunbar_(1296).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Dupplin_Moor.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Falkirk.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Faughart.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Glen_Trool.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Inverurie_(1308).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Loudoun_Hill.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Methven.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Nevilles_Cross.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Pass_of_Brander.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Teba.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Pass_of_Brander.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bell_tower.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Berwick-upon-Tweed.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Berwick_Castle.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bishop_William_de_Lamberton.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bishop_of_Argyll.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bishop_of_Durham.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bishop_of_Glasgow.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bishop_of_St._Andrews.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Black_Isle.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bothwell_Castle.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Brechin.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Brian_Boru.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink British_Caledonian.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Bruges.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Buchan.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Burial_vault_(tomb).
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Caddonlee.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Cailean_of_Carrick.
- Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageWikiLink Calgary.