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- Reflex_bradycardia abstract "Reflex bradycardia is a bradycardia (decrease in heart rate) in response to the baroreceptor reflex, one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms for preventing abnormal increases in blood pressure. In the presence of high mean arterial pressure, the baroreceptor reflex produces a reflex bradycardia as a method of decreasing blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output.Blood Pressure (BP) is determined by cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), as represented by the formula BP = CO x TPR. Cardiac output (CO) is affected by two factors, the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV), the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat (CO = HR x SV, therefore BP = HR x SV x TPR). In reflex bradycardia, blood pressure is reduced by decreasing cardiac output (CO) via a decrease in heart rate (HR).An increase in blood pressure can be caused by increased cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance, or both.The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus sense this increase in blood pressure and relay the information to the cardiovascular centres in the medulla oblongata. In order to maintain homeostasis, the cardiovascular centres activate the parasympathetic nervous system. Via the vagus nerve, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses with cardiac muscle cells. Acetylcholine then binds to M2 muscarinic receptors, causing the decrease in heart rate that is referred to as reflex bradycardia. The M2 muscarinic receptors decrease the heart rate by inhibiting depolarization of the sinoatrial node via Gi protein-coupled receptors and through modulation of muscarinic potassium channels. Additionally, M2 receptors reduce the contractile forces of the atrial cardiac muscle and reduce the conduction velocity of the atrioventricular node (AV node). However, M2 receptors have no effect on the contractile forces of the ventricular muscle.Stimuli causing reflex bradycardia include:Oculocardiac reflexsympathetic response to intracranial hypertension↑ 1.0 1.1 ↑".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageID "16507147".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageLength "3087".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageOutDegree "33".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageRevisionID "645674006".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Acetylcholine.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Atrioventricular_node.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Baroreceptor.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Baroreceptor_reflex.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Baroreflex.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Blood_Pressure.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Blood_pressure.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Bradycardia.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Cardiac_muscle_cell.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Cardiac_output.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Cardiomyocyte.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Cardiovascular_centre.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Carotid_sinus.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Brain.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cardiology.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pathology.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Depolarization.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink G_protein-coupled_receptor.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink G_protein–coupled_receptor.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Gi_alpha_subunit.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Heart_rate.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Homeostasis.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Intracranial_hypertension.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Intracranial_pressure.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Mean_arterial_pressure.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Medulla_oblongata.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M2.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Muscarinic_potassium_channels.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Oculocardiac_reflex.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Parasympathetic_nervous_system.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Potassium_channel.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Reflex.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Sinoatrial_node.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Stroke_volume.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Sympathetic_nervous_system.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Total_peripheral_resistance.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Vagus_nerve.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Vascular_resistance.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLink Ventricle_(heart).
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLinkText "Reflex bradycardia".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLinkText "reflex bradycardia".
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageWikiLinkText "slow heart rate".
- Reflex_bradycardia hasPhotoCollection Reflex_bradycardia.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cardiovascular_physiology.
- Reflex_bradycardia wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Reflex_bradycardia subject Category:Brain.
- Reflex_bradycardia subject Category:Cardiology.
- Reflex_bradycardia subject Category:Pathology.
- Reflex_bradycardia hypernym Bradycardia.
- Reflex_bradycardia type Specialty.
- Reflex_bradycardia comment "Reflex bradycardia is a bradycardia (decrease in heart rate) in response to the baroreceptor reflex, one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms for preventing abnormal increases in blood pressure.".
- Reflex_bradycardia label "Reflex bradycardia".
- Reflex_bradycardia sameAs بطء_القلب_العكسي.
- Reflex_bradycardia sameAs Bradykardia_odruchowa.
- Reflex_bradycardia sameAs m.03y8x3b.
- Reflex_bradycardia sameAs Q7307350.
- Reflex_bradycardia sameAs Q7307350.
- Reflex_bradycardia wasDerivedFrom Reflex_bradycardia?oldid=645674006.
- Reflex_bradycardia isPrimaryTopicOf Reflex_bradycardia.