Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reductionism> ?p ?o }
- Reductionism abstract "Reductionism refers to several related but different philosophical positions regarding the connections between phenomena, or theories, "reducing" one to another, usually considered "simpler" or more "basic". The Oxford Companion to Philosophy suggests that it is "one of the most used and abused terms in the philosophical lexicon" and suggests a three part division:Ontological reductionism: a belief that the whole of reality consists of a minimal number of partsMethodological reductionism: the scientific attempt to provide explanation in terms of ever smaller entities Theory reductionism: the suggestion that a newer theory does not replace or absorb the old, but reduces it to more basic terms. Theory reduction itself is divisible into three: translation, derivation and explanation.Reductionism can be applied to objects, phenomena, explanations, theories, and meanings.In the sciences, application of methodological reductionism attempts explanation of entire systems in terms of their individual, constituent parts and their interactions. Thomas Nagel speaks of psychophysical reductionism (the attempted reduction of psychological phenomena to physics and chemistry), as do others and physico-chemical reductionism (the attempted reduction of biology to physics and chemistry), again as do others. In a very simplified and sometimes contested form, such reductionism is said to imply that a system is nothing but the sum of its parts. However, a more nuanced view is that a system is composed entirely of its parts, but the system will have features that none of the parts have. "The point of mechanistic explanations is usually showing how the higher level features arise from the parts."Other definitions are used by other authors. For example, what Polkinghorne calls conceptual or epistemological reductionism is the definition provided by Blackburn and by Kim: that form of reductionism concerning a program of replacing the facts or entities entering statements claimed to be true in one area of discourse with other facts or entities from another area, thereby providing a relationship between them. Such a connection is provided where the same idea can be expressed by "levels" of explanation, with higher levels reducible if need be to lower levels. This use of levels of understanding in part expresses our human limitations in grasping a lot of detail. However, "most philosophers would insist that our role in conceptualizing reality [our need for an hierarchy of "levels" of understanding] does not change the fact that different levels of organization in reality do have different properties."As this introduction suggests, there are a variety of forms of reductionism, discussed in more detail in subsections below.Reductionism strongly reflects a certain perspective on causality. In a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relations between other more fundamental phenomena, are called epiphenomena. Often there is an implication that the epiphenomenon exerts no causal agency on the fundamental phenomena that explain it. The epiphenomena are sometimes said to be "nothing but" the outcome of the workings of the fundamental phenomena, although the epiphenomena might be more clearly and efficiently described in very different terms. There is a tendency to avoid taking an epiphenomenon as being important in its own right. This attitude may extend to cases where the fundamentals are not clearly able to explain the epiphenomena, but are expected to by the speaker. In this way, for example, morality can be deemed to be "nothing but" evolutionary adaptation, and consciousness can be considered "nothing but" the outcome of neurobiological processes.Reductionism does not preclude the existence of what might be called emergent phenomena, but it does imply the ability to understand those phenomena completely in terms of the processes from which they are composed. This reductionist understanding is very different from emergentism, which intends that what emerges in "emergence" is more than the sum of the processes from which it emerges.".
- Reductionism thumbnail Duck_of_Vaucanson.jpg?width=300.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink bioregionalanimism.blogspot.com.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink reduction-considered-harmful.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink 109174.htm.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink reduction-biology.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink dupre.html.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink Kukla.html.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink 15762.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=%22physico-chemical+reductionism%22&num=10&gws_rd=ssl.
- Reductionism wikiPageExternalLink search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=%22psychophysical+reductionism%22&num=10&gws_rd=ssl.
- Reductionism wikiPageID "49198".
- Reductionism wikiPageLength "37634".
- Reductionism wikiPageOutDegree "167".
- Reductionism wikiPageRevisionID "679532928".
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink A_New_Kind_of_Science.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink A_New_Kind_of_Science_(book).
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Adaptation.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Albrecht_Ritschl.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Rosenberg.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_North_Whitehead.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Anti-realism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Antireductionism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Antiscience.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Aristotle.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Artificial_neural_network.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Axiom.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Axiomatic_set_theory.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Axioms.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Analytic_philosophy.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cognition.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Epistemological_theories.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Epistemology_of_science.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Metaphysical_theories.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Metatheory_of_science.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Reductionism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sociological_theories.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Category_theory.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Causality.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Cell_biology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_biology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Chemistry.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Classical_mechanics.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Claus_Emmeche.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Cognitive_psychology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Complex_systems.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Complexity.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Cybernetics.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Daniel_Dennett.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Descartes.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Downward_causation.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Dualism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Ecologist.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Ecology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Economics.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystem.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystems.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Edward_Burnett_Tylor.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Eliminative_materialism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Eliminativism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Emergence.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Emergent_properties.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Emergentism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Empiricism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Entity.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Epiphenomena.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Epiphenomenon.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Epistemology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Ernst_Zermelo.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Evolutionary_psychology.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Explanation.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Fallacy_of_composition.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Feedback.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Feedback_loop.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Friedrich_Schleiermacher.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Fritjof_Capra.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Galileo_Galilei.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink George_Kelly_(psychologist).
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Greedy_reductionism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Gxc3xb6dels_incompleteness_theorems.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Holism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Holism_in_science.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Holistic.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Holistic_science.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Immanuel_Kant.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Information_theory.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink James_George_Frazer.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Johannes_Kepler.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Karl_Popper.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_theory.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Kurt_Gödel.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Laws_of_thermodynamics.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Lepton.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Logic_gate.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Logic_gates.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Materialism.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Mathematics.
- Reductionism wikiPageWikiLink Matter.