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- Quark–gluon_plasma abstract "A quark–gluon plasma (QGP) or quark soup is a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which is hypothesized to exist at extremely high temperature, density, or both temperature and density. This state is thought to consist of asymptotically free quarks and gluons, which are several of the basic building blocks of matter. It is believed that up to a few milliseconds after the Big Bang, known as the Quark epoch, the Universe was in a quark–gluon plasma state. On June, 2015 an international team of physicists have produced quark-gluon plasma at the Large Hadron Collider by colliding protons with lead nuclei at high energy inside the supercollider’s Compact Muon Solenoid detector. They also discovered that this new state of matter behaves like a fluid.The strength of the color force means that unlike the gas-like plasma, quark–gluon plasma behaves as a near-ideal Fermi liquid, although research on flow characteristics is ongoing. In the quark matter phase diagram, QGP is placed in the high-temperature, high-density regime; whereas, ordinary matter is a cold and rarefied mixture of nuclei and vacuum, and the hypothetical quark stars would consist of relatively cold, but dense quark matter.Experiments at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) first tried to create the QGP in the 1980s and 1990s: the results led CERN to announce indirect evidence for a "new state of matter" in 2000. Current experiments (2011) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) on Long Island (NY, USA) and at CERN's recent Large Hadron Collider near Geneva (Switzerland) are continuing this effort, by colliding relativistically accelerated gold (at RHIC) or lead (at LHC) with each other or with protons. Although the results have yet to be independently verified as of February 2010, scientists at Brookhaven RHIC have tentatively claimed to have created a quark–gluon plasma with an approximate temperature of 4 trillion (4×1012) degrees Kelvin.As already mentioned, three new experiments running on CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), on the spectrometers ALICE, ATLAS and CMS, will continue studying properties of QGP. Starting in November 2010, CERN temporarily ceased colliding protons, and began colliding lead Ions for the ALICE experiment. They were looking to create a QGP and were expected to stop December 6, colliding protons again in January. A new record breaking temperature was set by ALICE: A Large Ion Collider Experiment at CERN on August, 2012 in the ranges of 5.5 trillion (5.5×1012) degrees Kelvin as claimed in their Nature PR.".
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink aliceinfo.cern.ch.
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- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink Doc?isbn=0521385369.
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- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink 728-1.html.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink www.bnl.gov.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink Hunting%20the%20QGP.pdf.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink rhic.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageExternalLink www.cern.ch.
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- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink ALICE:_A_Large_Ion_Collider_Experiment.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink ATLAS_experiment.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink A_Large_Ion_Collider_Experiment.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink CFT_correspondence.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Asymptotic_freedom.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Asymptotically_free.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_nucleus.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Baryon.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Bielefeld.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Bilepton.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Bose–Einstein_correlations.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Bottom_quark.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Brookhaven_National_Laboratory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink CERN.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Exotic_matter.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Gluons.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Phases_of_matter.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plasma_physics.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Quark_matter.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Strangeness_production.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Charge_(physics).
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Charm_quark.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Chronology_of_the_universe.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Color-glass_condensate.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Color_charge.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Color_confinement.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Color_force.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Compact_Muon_Solenoid.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Coulombs_law.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Debye_length.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Deconfinement.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Density.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Dilepton.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Electric_charge.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Electronvolt.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Electroweak_interaction.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Elliptic_flow.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Energy_density.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Equation_of_state.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_liquid.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_liquid_theory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Gluon.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Gold.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Unified_Theory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Grand_unification_theory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Hadron.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Hadronization.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Hanbury_Brown_and_Twiss_effect.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Heat_capacity.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink High_energy_nuclear_physics.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink psi_meson.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink ψ.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Jet_(particle_physics).
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Jet_quenching.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Rafelski.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Large_Hadron_Collider.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Lattice_gauge_theory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Lead.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Length_contraction.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Liquid.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink List_of_plasma_(physics)_articles.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Mass-energy_equivalence.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Mass–energy_equivalence.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Mean_free_path.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Mean_free_time.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Meson.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Neutrino.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_star.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Non-abelian_group.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Particle_physics.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_theory.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics).
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Photon.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Photon_and_muon_rates.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Photons.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_(physics).
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Pressure.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Proton.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink Protons.
- Quark–gluon_plasma wikiPageWikiLink QCD_matter.