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• Public-key_cryptography abstract "Public-key cryptography, also known as asymmetric cryptography, is a class of cryptographic protocols based on algorithms that require two separate keys, one of which is secret (or private) and one of which is public. Although different, the two parts of this key pair are mathematically linked. The public key is used, for example, to encrypt plaintext or to verify a digital signature; whereas the private key is used for the opposite operation, in these examples to decrypt ciphertext or to create a digital signature. The term "asymmetric" stems from the use of different keys to perform these opposite functions, each the inverse of the other – as contrasted with conventional ("symmetric") cryptography which relies on the same key to perform both.Public-key algorithms are based on mathematical problems that currently admit no efficient solution and are inherent in certain integer factorization, discrete logarithm, and elliptic curve relationships. It is computationally easy for a user to generate a public and private key-pair and to use it for encryption and decryption. The strength lies in the "impossibility" (computational impracticality) for a properly generated private key to be determined from its corresponding public key. Thus the public key may be published without compromising security. Security depends only on keeping the private key private. Public key algorithms, unlike symmetric key algorithms, do not require a secure channel for the initial exchange of one (or more) secret keys between the parties.Because of the computational complexity of asymmetrical encryption, it is typically used only to transfer a symmetrical encryption key by which the message (and usually the entire conversation) is encrypted. The symmetrical encryption/decryption is based on simpler algorithms and is much faster.Message authentication involves hashing the message to produce a "digest," and encrypting the digest with the private key to produce a digital signature. Thereafter anyone can verify this signature by (1) computing the hash of the message, (2) decrypting the signature with the signer's public key, and (3) comparing the computed digest with the decrypted digest. Equality between the digests confirms the message is unmodified since it was signed, and that the signer, and no one else, intentionally performed the signature operation — presuming the signer's private key has remained secret to the signer. The security of such procedure depends on a hash algorithm of such quality that it is computationally impossible to alter or find a substitute message that produces the same digest - but studies have shown that even with the MD5 and SHA-1 algorithms, producing an altered or substitute message is not impossible. The current hashing standard for encryption is SHA-2. The message itself can also be used in place of the digest.Public-key algorithms are fundamental security ingredients in cryptosystems, applications and protocols. They underpin various Internet standards, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), S/MIME, PGP, and GPG. Some public key algorithms provide key distribution and secrecy (e.g., Diffie–Hellman key exchange), some provide digital signatures (e.g., Digital Signature Algorithm), and some provide both (e.g., RSA).Public-key cryptography finds application in, amongst others, the IT security discipline information security. Information security (IS) is concerned with all aspects of protecting electronic information assets against security threats. Public-key cryptography is used as a method of assuring the confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiability of electronic communications and data storage.".
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Adi_Shamir.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Algorithm.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Alice_and_Bob.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Authentication.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Bitcoin.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Brute-force_attack.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Banking_technology.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Public-key_cryptography.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Category:Public_key_infrastructure.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Certificate_authority.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Babbage_Institute.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Ciphertext.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Claude_Shannon.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Clifford_Cocks.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Commutative_cipher.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Confidentiality.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Cramer–Shoup_cryptosystem.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_hash_function.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_key.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_protocol.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Denial_of_Service.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Digital_Signature_Algorithm.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Digital_cash.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Digital_certificate.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Digital_currency.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Digital_signature.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Discrete_logarithm.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Discrete_logarithm_problem.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink ElGamal_encryption.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Elliptic_curve_cryptography.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Encrypt.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Factorization.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Finite_field.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Forward_secrecy.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink GNU_Privacy_Guard.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Government_Communications_Headquarters.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Hash_function.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Hierarchy.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Hybrid_cryptosystem.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink ID-based_encryption.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink IETF.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Identity_based_encryption.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Information_security.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Integer_factorization.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Internet.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Internet_Engineering_Task_Force.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Internet_Key_Exchange.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink James_H._Ellis.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Key-agreement_protocol.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Key-exchange_algorithm.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Key_(cryptography).
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Key_escrow.
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• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Key_size.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Leonard_Adleman.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Letter_box.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink MD5.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Malcolm_J._Williamson.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Man-in-the-middle_attack.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Martin_Hellman.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink McEliece_cryptosystem.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Merkles_Puzzles.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Merkle–Hellman_knapsack_cryptosystem.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Message_digest.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Michael_O._Rabin.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Modular_exponentiation.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink NIST.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink NTRUEncrypt.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink National_Security_Agency.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Neal_Koblitz.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Non-repudiation.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Object_identifier.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink Off-the-Record_Messaging.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink One-time_pad.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink One-way_function.
• Public-key_cryptography wikiPageWikiLink OpenPGP.

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