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- Prussian_three-class_franchise abstract "After the 1848 revolutions in the German states, the Prussian three-class franchise system (German: Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was introduced on May 30, 1849 by the government of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV for the election of the Lower House of the Prussian state parliament. It was completely abolished in 1918. This franchise was used in Prussia, Brunswick, Waldeck and Saxony (the latter until 1909).Those eligible to vote were men aged over 24, divided by their direct tax revenue into three classes. These three classes were calculated according to how much tax one paid, by dividing the entire range of taxes into thirds. The first class ranged from the highest tax payer on down until one-third of total tax revenue was reached; the second for those with a lower income, down until another one-third of total tax revenue was reached; the third, finally, for the bottom third of tax payers. While the latter were generally poor people paying little to no taxes individually, it could happen that a well-to-do person living in a particularly rich tax district ended up in the third class, which happened to chancellor Bernhard von Bülow in 1903.Voting took place in public, orally; there was no secret ballot. It was also indirect; representatives known as electors (Wahlmänner) were voted for, each class electing a third of all the electors. The classes of course contained widely differing numbers of people, even though the number of electors was the same for each one: in 1849 the first class constituted 4.7% of the population, the second class 12.7% and the third class 82.6%. This distribution meant that a first-class vote had 17.5 times the value of a third-class vote. A three-class franchise system was also used for local elections in parts of Prussia, one result of which was that the industrialist Alfred Krupp was the only person able to vote for the electors in the first class in Essen.Prussia's controlling position in the German Empire meant that the system was at the heart of debates about reform. Extending suffrage would, however, have meant the downfall of the ruling conservative politicians, elected by the wealthy voters the three-class system favoured. Thus, despite popular dissatisfaction, the Prussian franchise persisted.In 1917, Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, German Chancellor and Prussian Prime Minister, drafted a reform to the voting system. Trying to placate the public and avoid revolution, Kaiser Wilhelm II proclaimed a watered-down version of this reform in his Easter Speech on April 7, which, by specifying no fixed date, failed to satisfy the public. The three-class system remained until the German Revolution of November 1918, when the Weimar Republic was formed. Article 17 of its constitution proclaimed proportional representation for women and men over the age of 20, with a secret ballot system.".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageExternalLink windhorst.html.
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- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageRevisionID "644996469".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Bernhard_von_Bülow.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electoral_systems.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Kingdom_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Category:Politics_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Brunswick.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Essen.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Essen,_Germany.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Friedrich_Wilhelm_IV_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink German_Empire.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink German_Revolution.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink German_Revolution_of_1918–19.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink German_revolutions_of_1848–49.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Indirect_election.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Saxony.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Krupp.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Landtag_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Ludwig_Windthorst.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Parliament.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Proportional_representation.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Prussian.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Prussian_Landtag.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Secret_ballot.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Suffrage.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_German_states.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Theobald_von_Bethmann-Hollweg.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Waldeck_(state).
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Weimar_Constitution.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Weimar_Republic.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Weimar_constitution.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLink Wilhelm_II_of_Germany.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText ""Dreiklassenwahlrecht" (old fashioned voting system)".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "Dreiklassenwahlrecht".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "Prussian three-class franchise".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "class voting".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "divided into three classes".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "inequitable three-class voting system".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "pre-unitary Germany".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "suffrage system based on tax-paying ability".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "system".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three classes".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three voting classes".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three-class electoral system".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three-class franchise".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three-class system of voting".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three-class voting system".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageWikiLinkText "three-tiered system".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise hasPhotoCollection Prussian_three-class_franchise.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-de.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise subject Category:Electoral_systems.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise subject Category:Kingdom_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise subject Category:Politics_of_Prussia.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise type Article.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise type Article.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise comment "After the 1848 revolutions in the German states, the Prussian three-class franchise system (German: Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was introduced on May 30, 1849 by the government of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV for the election of the Lower House of the Prussian state parliament. It was completely abolished in 1918.".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise label "Prussian three-class franchise".
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Dreiklassenwahlrecht.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Système_des_trois_classes.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Drieklassenkiesrecht.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Treklassestemmeretten.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs m.03lsj9.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Q116513.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise sameAs Q116513.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise wasDerivedFrom Prussian_three-class_franchise?oldid=644996469.
- Prussian_three-class_franchise isPrimaryTopicOf Prussian_three-class_franchise.