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- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America abstract "The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America was a union of African-American tenant farmers (sharecroppers). A meeting of this union at Hoop Spur, Arkansas, was attacked on September 30, 1919, leaving a white sheriff dead and sparking the famous Elaine Race Riot.The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America was formed by Robert L. Hill of Winchester, Arkansas, a black tenant farmer. The union had several lodges in the Elaine, Arkansas area. In late 1919 the union organized resistance amongst blacks in the Elaine area, including withholding black women's services to whites and insisting on higher wages for the cotton pickers. The union had also hired lawyers at the state capital and planned to sue landlords for shares allegedly withheld from them.The union was, however, destroyed by the repression that followed the shooting on September 30. The Governor of Arkansas, Charles Hillman Brough, led a detachment of federal troops into Phillips County, arresting hundreds of blacks and allowing other blacks to move about in public only if they had a pass signed by military authorities and attested by a reputable white citizen. In the week after the shooting roving bands of whites and federal troops killed upwards of two hundred blacks.In the aftermath of the violence, a grand jury made up of local landlords and merchants decided who would be indicted. Those blacks willing to testify against others and who agreed to work on whatever terms their landlords set for them were let go; those who had been labeled ringleaders or who were judged unreliable were indicted. According to the affidavits later supplied by the defendants, many of the prisoners had been beaten, whipped or tortured by electric shocks to extract testimony or confessions and threatened with death if they later recanted their testimony.Robert L. Hill escaped to the state of Kansas. He was arrested in that state but was never extradited to Arkansas to face charges. Other members of the organization were tried for murder in connection with the violence that followed the attack on the union meeting. Their convictions, obtained by use of testimony obtained by beatings and torture through electric shock, in a trial atmosphere dominated by mobs of armed whites milling around the courthouse, were eventually reversed by the United States Supreme Court in Moore v. Dempsey 261 U.S. 86 (1923). That victory helped boost the prestige of the NAACP and of its later leader, Walter F. White.".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageID "340874".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageLength "2982".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageOutDegree "21".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageRevisionID "637959416".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink African-American.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink African_American.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Category:African-American_history_between_emancipation_and_the_civil_rights_movement.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Category:Crimes_in_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_labor_relations_in_the_United_States.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Hillman_Brough.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Elaine,_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Elaine_Race_Riot.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Elaine_race_riot.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Governor_of_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Hoop_Spur,_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Kansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Labor_union.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Governors_of_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Moore_v._Dempsey.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink NAACP.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Phillips_County,_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Robert_L._Hill.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Tenant_farmer.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Trade_union.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Supreme_Court.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Walter_F._White.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Walter_Francis_White.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLink Winchester,_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageWikiLinkText "Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America hasPhotoCollection Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Ussc.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America subject Category:African-American_history_between_emancipation_and_the_civil_rights_movement.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America subject Category:Crimes_in_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America subject Category:History_of_Arkansas.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America subject Category:History_of_labor_relations_in_the_United_States.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America subject Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America hypernym Union.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America type Organisation.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America type Relation.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America comment "The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America was a union of African-American tenant farmers (sharecroppers). A meeting of this union at Hoop Spur, Arkansas, was attacked on September 30, 1919, leaving a white sheriff dead and sparking the famous Elaine Race Riot.The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America was formed by Robert L. Hill of Winchester, Arkansas, a black tenant farmer. The union had several lodges in the Elaine, Arkansas area.".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America label "Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America".
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America sameAs m.01y1gt.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America sameAs Q7248741.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America sameAs Q7248741.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America wasDerivedFrom Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America?oldid=637959416.
- Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America isPrimaryTopicOf Progressive_Farmers_and_Household_Union_of_America.