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• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia abstract "Pope Pius XII's response to the Roman razzia; Italian for roundup, or mass deportation of Jews on October 16, 1943; is a significant issue relating to Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. Under Mussolini, no policy of abduction of Jews had been implemented in Italy. Following the capitulation of Italy in 1943, Nazi forces invaded and occupied much of the country, and began deportations of Jews to extermination camps. Pius XII protested at diplomatic levels, while several thousand Jews found refuge in Catholic networks, institutions and homes across Italy - including in the Vatican City and Pope Pius' Summer Residence. The Catholic Church and various historians credit this rescue in large part to the direction of Pope Pius XII, as Bishop of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church, however, some historians cast doubt on the extent of his responsibility for the rescue effort, and have criticised Pius for not making a "public condemnation" of the round-up.Various historians have given different emphases to accounts of Pius' actions. According to Michael Phayer, "the question of the pope's silence has become the focus of intense historical debate and analysis" because the deportations occurred "under his very windows". The term "under his very windows" was used as the title of a book on the subject by historian Susan Zuccotti. The phrase is based on an actual quotation from the report of Ernst von Weizsäcker, the German ambassador to the Vatican, who reported to Berlin that the razzia had taken place "under the Pope's windows". It also echoes the reported words of the protest made to Weizsäcker by Pius' Secretary of State on the morning of the round up: "It is sad for the Holy Father, sad beyond imagination, that here in Rome, under the very eyes of the Common Father, that so many people should suffer only because they belong to a specific race.”Phayer and Zuccotti's emphasis on "papal silence" can be contrasted with Jewish historian of the Holocaust, Sir Martin Gilbert's, emphasis on "papal action" in relation to the roundup. By Gilbert's account, when the Nazis came to Rome in search of Jews, Pius had already "A few days earlier... personally ordered the Vatican clergy to open the sanctuaries of the Vatican City to all "non-Aryans" in need of refuge. By morning of October 16, a total of 477 Jews had been given shelter in the Vatican and its enclaves, while another 4,238 had been given sanctuary in the many monasteries and convents of in Rome. Only 1,015 of Rome's 6,730 Jews were seized that morning".".
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• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "His reaction to the Roman ''razzia''".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pope Pius XII and the Roman razzia".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "Roman ''razzia''".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "Roman razzia".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "deportation of Jews from Rome".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "deportation of Jews".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia wikiPageWikiLinkText "remained silent during the Roman ''razzia''".
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• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia comment "Pope Pius XII's response to the Roman razzia; Italian for roundup, or mass deportation of Jews on October 16, 1943; is a significant issue relating to Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. Under Mussolini, no policy of abduction of Jews had been implemented in Italy. Following the capitulation of Italy in 1943, Nazi forces invaded and occupied much of the country, and began deportations of Jews to extermination camps.".
• Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Roman_razzia label "Pope Pius XII and the Roman razzia".
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