Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Photoreceptor_cell> ?p ?o }
- Photoreceptor_cell abstract "A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more "red"). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.".
- Photoreceptor_cell thumbnail 1414_Rods_and_Cones.jpg?width=300.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageExternalLink .U_g8S.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageExternalLink search.php?q=Photoreceptor%20Cell&t=data&s=cover&b=0&r=20.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageID "401150".
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageLength "36096".
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageOutDegree "174".
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageRevisionID "679012901".
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Absorbance.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Action_potential.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Amacrine_cell.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Axon.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Bipolar_cell.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Bipolar_cell_of_the_retina.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Bipolar_neuron.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Blind_spot_(vision).
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink CGMP_phosphodiesterase.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Calcium.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Histology.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Human_eye_anatomy.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Photoreceptor_cells.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_synapse.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cilia.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cilium.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Circadian_rhythm.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Circadian_rhythms.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cofactor_(biochemistry).
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Color.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Color_vision.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cone_cell.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Conscious.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Consciousness.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Contrast_(vision).
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_GMP.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_guanosine_3-5_monophosphate.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Depolarization.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Diurnal_animal.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Diurnality.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Edge_detection.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Electric_current.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Electrochemical_gradient.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Eric_Kandel.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Fovea_centralis.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink G-protein-coupled_receptor.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink G_protein.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink G_protein-coupled_receptor.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink G_protein–coupled_receptor.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Glutamate.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Glutamic_acid.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Horizontal_cell.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Human.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Hyperpolarization_(biology).
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Insect.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Intrinsically_photosensitive_retinal_ganglion_cells.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Invertebrate_photoreceptor.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Iodopsin.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Ion_channel.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Ionotropic.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Ions.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Irradiance.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Lateral_geniculate_nucleus.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Legal_blindness.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Lgn.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Ligand-gated_ion_channel.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Light.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Macular_degeneration.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Melanopsin.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_potential.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Mesopic_vision.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Metabotropic.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Metabotropic_receptor.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Mitochondrion.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Mollusc.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Mollusca.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink K+-ATPase.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Nerve_impulse.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Neuron.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Neuronal_noise.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Neuroscience_Information_Framework.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Night_blindness.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Nocturnal.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Nocturnality.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Notch_signaling_pathway.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Nyctalopia.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Olivary_pretectal_nucleus.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Opponent_process.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Opsin.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Optic_nerve.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Optical_resolution.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Organelle.
- Photoreceptor_cell wikiPageWikiLink Phosphodiesterase.