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- Photolyase abstract "Photolyases (EC 4.1.99.3) are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This enzyme mechanism requires visible light, preferentially from the violet/blue end of the spectrum, and is known as photoreactivation.Photolyase is a phylogenetically old enzyme which is present and functional in many species, from the bacteria to the fungi to plants and to the animals. Photolyase is particularly important in repairing UV induced damage in plants. The photolyase mechanism is no longer working in humans and other placental mammals who instead rely on the less efficient nucleotide excision repair mechanism.Photolyases bind complementary DNA strands and break certain types of pyrimidine dimers that arise when a pair of thymine or cytosine bases on the same strand of DNA become covalently linked. These dimers result in a 'bulge' of the DNA structure, referred to as a lesion. The more common covalent linkage involves the formation of a cyclobutane bridge. Photolyases have a high affinity for these lesions and reversibly bind and convert them back to the original bases.Photolyases are flavoproteins and contain two light-harvesting cofactors. All photolyases contain the two-electron-reduced FADH−; they are divided into two main classes based on the second cofactor, which may be either the pterin methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) in folate photolyases or the deazaflavin 8-hydroxy-7,8-didemethyl-5-deazariboflavin (8-HDF) in deazaflavin photolyases. Although only FAD is required for catalytic activity, the second cofactor significantly accelerates reaction rate in low-light conditions. The enzyme acts by electron transfer in which the reduced flavin FADH− is activated by light energy and acts as an electron donor to break the pyrimidine dimer.On the basis of sequence similarities DNA photolyases can be grouped into two classes. The first class contains enzymes from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the halophilic archaebacteria Halobacterium halobium, fungi and plants. Proteins containing this domain also include Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochromes 1 and 2, which are blue light photoreceptors that mediate blue light-induced gene expression and modulation of circadian rhythms.The branch named Cryptochrome-Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, Human (Cry-DASH) were previously assumed to have no DNA repair activity because of negilable activity on dsDNA. The study published by A. Sancar and P. Selby provided evidence to suggest this branch of Cryptochromes have photolyases activity with a high degree of specificity for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in ssDNA. Their study showed that VcCry1 from Vibrio cholerae, X1Cry from Xenopus laevis, and AtCry3 from Arabidopsis thalina all had photolyases activity on UV irradiated ssDNA in vitro.Some sunscreens include photolyase in their ingredients, claiming a reparative action on UV-damaged skin.".
- Photolyase symbol "FAD_binding_7".
- Photolyase thumbnail Photolyase_1qnf.png?width=300.
- Photolyase wikiPageID "3249930".
- Photolyase wikiPageLength "6400".
- Photolyase wikiPageOutDegree "33".
- Photolyase wikiPageRevisionID "673481221".
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Anacystis_nidulans.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Animal.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Arabidopsis_thaliana.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink CRY1.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink CRY2.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Category:DNA_repair.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Category:EC_4.1.99.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Circadian_rhythm.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Coenzyme_F420.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Cofactor_(biochemistry).
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Cryptochrome.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Cyclobutane.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Cytosine.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink DNA_repair.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Deazaflavin.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Electron_transfer.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme_Commission_number.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink FAD.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Flavoprotein.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Fungi.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Fungus.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Light.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Nucleotide_excision_repair.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetics.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Pterin.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Pyrimidine_dimer.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Pyrimidine_dimers.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Sunscreen.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Thymine.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Ultraviolet.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink Visible_light.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLink File:Direct_DNA_damage.png.
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLinkText "Photolyase".
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLinkText "photo reactivation".
- Photolyase wikiPageWikiLinkText "photolyase".
- Photolyase caption "A deazaflavin photolyase from Anacystis nidulans, illustrating the two light-harvesting cofactors: FADH− and 8-HDF .".
- Photolyase hasPhotoCollection Photolyase.
- Photolyase interpro "IPR005101".
- Photolyase name "FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase".
- Photolyase pdb "A:214-492 A:214-492 A:176-418 A:176-418 B:202-469 D:207-472 A:207-472 :207-472 A:207-472 A:207-472 A:207-472 A:207-472 B:213-453".
- Photolyase pfam "PF03441".
- Photolyase prosite "PDOC00331".
- Photolyase scop "1".
- Photolyase symbol "FAD_binding_7".
- Photolyase wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Carbon-carbon_lyases.
- Photolyase wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Pfam_box.
- Photolyase wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Photolyase wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Use_dmy_dates.
- Photolyase subject Category:DNA_repair.
- Photolyase subject Category:EC_4.1.99.
- Photolyase hypernym Enzymes.
- Photolyase type Biomolecule.
- Photolyase type Protein.
- Photolyase type Chemical.
- Photolyase type Process.
- Photolyase type Thing.
- Photolyase type Q206229.
- Photolyase type Q8054.
- Photolyase comment "Photolyases (EC 4.1.99.3) are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This enzyme mechanism requires visible light, preferentially from the violet/blue end of the spectrum, and is known as photoreactivation.Photolyase is a phylogenetically old enzyme which is present and functional in many species, from the bacteria to the fungi to plants and to the animals. Photolyase is particularly important in repairing UV induced damage in plants.".
- Photolyase label "Photolyase".
- Photolyase sameAs Photolyasen.
- Photolyase sameAs Fotoliasa.
- Photolyase sameAs Photolyase.
- Photolyase sameAs Deossiribodipirimidina_foto-liasi.
- Photolyase sameAs フォトリアーゼ.
- Photolyase sameAs Fotoliaza.
- Photolyase sameAs m.09178g.
- Photolyase sameAs ДНК-фотолиаза.
- Photolyase sameAs Fotoliaza.
- Photolyase sameAs ஒளிவினை_நொதி.
- Photolyase sameAs Q424241.
- Photolyase sameAs Q424241.
- Photolyase sameAs 光裂合酶.
- Photolyase wasDerivedFrom Photolyase?oldid=673481221.
- Photolyase depiction Photolyase_1qnf.png.
- Photolyase isPrimaryTopicOf Photolyase.