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- Pandulf_Ironhead abstract "Pandulf I Ironhead (died March 981) was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 (or 944) until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978. He was an important nobleman in the fight with the Byzantines and Saracens for control of the Mezzogiorno in the centuries after the collapse of Lombard and Carolingian authority on the Italian Peninsula. He established himself over almost the whole of the southern half of Italia before his death in March 981.His mother was Yvantia. He co-reigned with his father, Landulf II, from 943, when his grandfather Landulf I died, and with his brother Landulf III from 959. Sometime about 955, Pope John XII led an army of Romans, Tuscans, and Spoletans against Landulf II and Pandulf, but Gisulf I of Salerno came to their rescue and no battle was given. The pope and Gisulf made a treaty at Terracina. Gisulf and Pandulf had a strong alliance after that.In 961, Landulf II died and Pandulf and his brother became sole princes, though the elder Pandulf was by far the more domineering. The Chronicum Salernitanum affirms the co-regency, however, and the principle of the indivisibility of the united Capua-Benevento as declared by Atenulf I in 900, when it says Beneventanorum principatum eius filii Pandolfum et Landulfum bifarie regebant . . . communi indivisoque iure, that is "the Beneventan principality was reigned in jointly by Pandulf and Landulf under indivisible common jurisdiction." However, this system eventually collapsed and Pandulf ruled in Capua while Landulf ruled in Benevento. The Chronicum says Pandulf tenuit principatum una cum suo germanus annos octo, that is, "held the principality solely with his brother for eight years."Late in 965, a rebellion in Rome overthrew Pope John XIII, who was arrested and carted off to imprisonment in Campania. Whether he escaped or was released, he arrived in Capua not much later, seeking the protection of Pandulf, who gladly gave it. In return, and for the favour of the citizens, he erected Capua into an archdiocese and gave Pandulf's brother John the pallium. After ten months of exile, another revolt in Rome gave opportunity for return and Pandulf sent the pope back with a Capuan escort.In 967, the Emperor Otto I came down to Rome and granted Pandulf the vacant Duchy of Spoleto of Camerino and charged him with prosecuting the war against the Byzantine Empire. Pandulf and Landulf introduced Prince Gisulf of Salerno to the emperor at this time. They then took part in the imperial campaign of 968, but Landulf retired in illness and died at Benevento leaving two sons: Pandulf and Landulf. Even though Pandulf was with the emperor on the border of Calabria when news of Landulf's death reached him, he quickly returned to Benevento and associated with him his own eldest son Landulf, who was crowned prince in the church of Sancta Sophia, before rejoining the imperial campaign. In that year, Otto left the siege of Bari in the charge of Pandulf, but the Lombard was captured in the Battle of Bovino (969) by the Byzantines and jailed in Constantinople. In 970, during his absence, the Byzantines besieged Capua and Marinus II of Naples ravaged the countryside. He was released later in the deal in which the Byzantine emperor John Tzimisces gave Theophanu in marriage to Otto's son Otto II. During his absence, the great principality had been administered by Landulf I, Archbishop of Benevento, and the young Landulf, with help from his mother, Pandulf's wife, Aloara. Benevento had been made an archdiocese in 969.In the 960s, Byzantium had been trying to supplant German influence in Salerno and to this end may have engineered the rebellion which temporarily unseated John XIII, a pro-German pope. Prince Gisulf of Salerno, however, was allied both to the Greeks and to his Lombard neighbour Pandulf, whom he had rescued some years before and who was, in fact, staunchly pro-German and anti-Greek. When Gisulf was deposed and removed from office by Pandulf's cousin, Landulf of Conza, in 973, Pandulf restored Gisulf as his vassal. When Gisulf died childless in 977 or 978, Pandulf succeeded in Salerno as per their prior agreement. The policy of the Greeks was a thorough failure and Pandulf (and his Germans) was the winner in southern Italy. He had united all three of the Lombard principalities — Benevento, Capua, and Salerno — and had even gained Spoleto and Camerino. He ruled a large bloc of territories that stretched as far north as Tuscany and as far south as the Gulf of Taranto.Pandulf's lands were partitioned among his sons, who fought endlessly over the inheritance. His son Landulf IV received Capua and Benevento and Pandulf II received Salerno. Otto II came down to Rome in 981, however, and Spoleto was given to Thrasimund IV, Duke of Camerino. Then, Pandulf's nephew Pandulf was given Benevento in a partition of Landulf's territory, in which Landulf kept Capua. Finally, Manso I of Amalfi dispossessed the younger Pandulf of Salerno and was confirmed by the Emperor.Pandulf had several other sons: Landenulf, who succeeded Landulf IV in Capua; Laidulf, who succeeded Landenulf; and Atenulf, who died at the Battle of Stilo on 13 July 982.".
- Pandulf_Ironhead deathYear "0981".
- Pandulf_Ironhead thumbnail Torre_di_capodiferro_Cartolina.jpg?width=300.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageID "3235297".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageLength "8184".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageOutDegree "70".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageRevisionID "650675615".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Aloara.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Aloara_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Atenulf_I_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Bari.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Bovino.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Stilo.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Byzantine_Empire.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Byzantine_emperor.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Campania.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Carolingian.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Carolingian_dynasty.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:10th-century_Italian_people.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:10th-century_rulers_in_Europe.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:981_deaths.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dukes_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lombard_people.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Princes_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Princes_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Princes_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Category:Year_of_birth_unknown.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Chronicon_Salernitanum.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Chronicum_Salernitanum.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Constantinople.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Duke_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Emperor_Otto_I.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Ferdinand_Gregorovius.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Gisulf_I_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_of_Taranto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink H._M._Gwatkin.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Melvill_Gwatkin.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Italian_Peninsula.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink John_I_Tzimiskes.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink John_Tzimisces.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Laidulf_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landenulf_II_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_I,_Archbishop_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_III_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_II_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_IV_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_IV_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_I_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_VII_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Landulf_of_Conza.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Byzantine_emperors.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Dukes_and_Princes_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Princes_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Princes_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Lombards.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Manso_I_of_Amalfi.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink March_of_Tuscany.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Marinus_II_of_Naples.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Mezzogiorno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Pandulf_II_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Pandulf_II_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Pope_John_XII.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Pope_John_XIII.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Prince_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Prince_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Prince_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Rome.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Saracen.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Saracens.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Southern_Italy.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Terracina.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Theophanu.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Thrasimund_III_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink Thrasimund_IV_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLink File:Torre_di_capodiferro_Cartolina.jpg.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pandolfo Testa di Ferro".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pandulf I Ironhead".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pandulf Ironhead".
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pandulf".
- Pandulf_Ironhead after Landulf_IV_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead before Landulf_II_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead before Landulf_IV_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead dateOfDeath "981".
- Pandulf_Ironhead hasPhotoCollection Pandulf_Ironhead.
- Pandulf_Ironhead name "Ironhead, Pandulf".
- Pandulf_Ironhead rows "2".
- Pandulf_Ironhead shortDescription "Italian noble".
- Pandulf_Ironhead title Duke_of_Spoleto.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title List_of_Dukes_and_Princes_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title List_of_Princes_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title List_of_Princes_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title Prince_of_Benevento.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title Prince_of_Capua.
- Pandulf_Ironhead title Prince_of_Salerno.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:End.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Pandulf_Ironhead wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.