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- Otto_von_Bismarck abstract "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states (excluding Austria) into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871 he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to preserve German hegemony in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck, who "remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers."In 1862 King Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck as Minister President of Prussia, a position he would hold until 1890 (except for a short break in 1873). He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria and France, aligning the smaller German states behind Prussia in defeating his arch-enemy France. In 1871 he formed the German Empire with himself as Chancellor, while retaining control of Prussia. His diplomacy of realpolitik and powerful rule at home gained him the nickname the "Iron Chancellor." German unification and its rapid economic growth was the foundation to his foreign policy. He disliked colonialism but reluctantly built an overseas empire when it was demanded by both elite and mass opinion. Juggling a very complex interlocking series of conferences, negotiations and alliances, he used his diplomatic skills to maintain Germany's position and used the balance of power to keep Europe at peace in the 1870s and 1880s.He was the master of complex politics at home. He created the first welfare state in the modern world, with the goal of gaining working class support that might otherwise go to his Socialist enemies. In the 1870s he allied himself with the Liberals (who were low-tariff and anti-Catholic) and fought the Catholic Church in a culture war. He lost that battle as the Catholics responded by forming a powerful Center party and using universal male suffrage to gain a bloc of seats. Bismarck then reversed himself, ended the culture war, broke with the Liberals, imposed tariffs, and formed a political alliance with the Center party to fight the Socialists. A devout Lutheran, he was loyal to his king, who in turn gave Bismarck his full support, against the advice of his wife and his heir. While Germany's parliament was elected by universal male suffrage, it did not have real control of the government. Bismarck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a traditional Junker elite that comprised the landed nobility of the east. Under Wilhelm I, Bismarck largely controlled domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by young Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890.Bismarck, an aristocratic Junker himself, had an extremely aggressive and domineering personality. He displayed a violent temper and kept his power by threatening to resign time and again. He possessed not only a long-term national and international vision, but also the short-term ability to juggle many complex developments simultaneously. As the leader of what historians call "revolutionary conservatism," Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists; they built hundreds of monuments glorifying the iconic symbol of powerful conservative leadership. Historians generally praise him as a statesman of moderation and balance who kept the peace in Europe, and was primarily responsible for the unification of Germany and building its world-renowned bureaucracy and army.".
- Otto_von_Bismarck alias "Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Der Eiserne Kanzler".
- Otto_von_Bismarck almaMater Humboldt_University_of_Berlin.
- Otto_von_Bismarck almaMater University_of_Greifswald.
- Otto_von_Bismarck almaMater University_of_Göttingen.
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthDate "1815-04-01".
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthPlace Kingdom_of_Prussia.
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthPlace Saxony-Anhalt.
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthPlace Schönhausen.
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthPlace Schönhausen,_Elbe.
- Otto_von_Bismarck birthYear "1815".
- Otto_von_Bismarck child Herbert_von_Bismarck.
- Otto_von_Bismarck child Wilhelm_von_Bismarck.
- Otto_von_Bismarck deathDate "1898-07-30".
- Otto_von_Bismarck deathPlace Friedrichsruh.
- Otto_von_Bismarck deathPlace German_Empire.
- Otto_von_Bismarck deathYear "1898".
- Otto_von_Bismarck deputy Karl_Heinrich_von_Boetticher.
- Otto_von_Bismarck deputy Otto_of_Stolberg-Wernigerode.
- Otto_von_Bismarck monarch Frederick_III,_German_Emperor.
- Otto_von_Bismarck monarch Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor.
- Otto_von_Bismarck monarch William_I,_German_Emperor.
- Otto_von_Bismarck office "Chancellor of Germany".
- Otto_von_Bismarck office "Chancellor of the North German Confederation".
- Otto_von_Bismarck office "Foreign Minister of Prussia".
- Otto_von_Bismarck office "Minister President of Prussia".
- Otto_von_Bismarck orderInOffice "1st".
- Otto_von_Bismarck party Independent_politician.
- Otto_von_Bismarck predecessor Albrecht_von_Bernstorff.
- Otto_von_Bismarck predecessor Albrecht_von_Roon.
- Otto_von_Bismarck predecessor Prince_Adolf_zu_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
- Otto_von_Bismarck president William_I,_German_Emperor.
- Otto_von_Bismarck primeMinister Albrecht_von_Roon.
- Otto_von_Bismarck profession Lawyer.
- Otto_von_Bismarck religion Lutheranism.
- Otto_von_Bismarck signature "Otto vonBismarck Signature.svg".
- Otto_von_Bismarck soundRecording Otto_von_Bismarck__6.
- Otto_von_Bismarck spouse Johanna_von_Puttkamer.
- Otto_von_Bismarck successor Albrecht_von_Roon.
- Otto_von_Bismarck successor Leo_von_Caprivi.
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