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- Neonatal_withdrawal abstract "Neonatal withdrawal or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a withdrawal syndrome of infants, caused by the cessation of the administration of licit or illicit drugs. Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal may occur as a result of repeated administration of drugs or even after short-term high dose use—for example during mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. There are two types of NAS: prenatal and postnatal. Prenatal NAS is caused by discontinuation of drugs taken by the pregnant mother, while postnatal NAS is caused by discontinuation of drugs directly to the infant.The drugs involved may be for example opioids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ethanol and benzodiazepines. Neonatal abstinence syndrome does not happen in prenatal cocaine exposure (with babies exposed to cocaine in utero) in the sense that such symptoms are difficult to separate in the context of other factors such as prematurity or prenatal exposure to other drugs.When pharmacological treatment of opiate withdrawal in neonates is deemed necessary, opiates are the treatment of choice; they are slowly tapered down to wean the neonate off opiates. Phenobarbital is sometimes used as an alternative but is less effective in suppressing seizures; however, phenobarbital is superior to diazepam for neonatal opiate withdrawal symptoms. In the case of sedative-hypnotic neonatal withdrawal, phenobarbital is the treatment of choice. Clonidine is an emerging add-on therapy. Buprenorphine is under development as an alternative to morphine or methadone as initial therapy.Opioids such as neonatal morphine solution and methadone are commonly used to treat clinical symptoms of opiate withdrawal, but may prolong neonatal drug exposure and duration of hospitalization. A study published in the Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics demonstrated a significantly shorter wean duration in infants treated with methadone compared to those treated with diluted tincture of opium. When compared to morphine, methadone has a longer half-life in children, which allows for less frequent dosing intervals and steady serum concentrations to prevent neonatal withdrawal symptoms.Non-pharmacological approaches to treat neonatal symptoms include swaddling the infant in a blanket, minimizing environmental stimuli, and monitoring sleeping and feeding patterns. Breastfeeding promotes infant attachment and bonding and is associated with a decreased need for pharmacological treatment. These approaches may lessen the severity of NAS and lead to shorter hospital stays.A 2012 study from the University of Michigan and the University of Pittsburgh published in the Journal of the American Medical Association analyzed information on 7.4 million discharges from 4,121 hospitals in 44 states, to measure trends and costs associated with NAS over the past decade. The study indicated that between 2000 and 2009, the number of mothers using opiates increased from 1.19 to 5.63 per 1,000 hospital births per year. Newborns with NAS were 19% more likely than all other hospital births to have low birthweight and 30% more like to have respiratory complications. Between 2000 and 2009, total hospital charges for NAS cases, adjusted for inflation, are estimated to have increased from $190 million to $720 million.".
- Neonatal_withdrawal icd10 "P96.1".
- Neonatal_withdrawal icd9 "779.5".
- Neonatal_withdrawal meshId "D009357".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageExternalLink www.neonataljaundice.net.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageID "27124700".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageLength "9062".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageOutDegree "28".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageRevisionID "679905027".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Benzodiazepine.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Benzodiazepines.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Breastfeeding.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Buprenorphine.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Category:Neonatology.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Category:Withdrawal_syndromes.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Clonidine.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Cocaine.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Diazepam.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Drug_dependence.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Drug_tolerance.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Epileptic_seizure.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Ethanol.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Infant.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Intensive_care_unit.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Intensive_care_units.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink JAMA_(journal).
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Association.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Laudanum.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Mechanical_ventilation.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Methadone.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Morphine.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Opioid.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Opioids.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Phenobarbital.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Prenatal_cocaine_exposure.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Preterm_birth.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Sedative.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Seizures.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Substance_dependence.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Swaddling.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink Tincture_of_opium.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Michigan.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Pittsburgh.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLinkText "Neonatal withdrawal".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLinkText "neonatal abstinence syndrome".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLinkText "neonatal withdrawal".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageWikiLinkText "withdrawal symptoms in the newborn".
- Neonatal_withdrawal diseasesdb "33462".
- Neonatal_withdrawal emedicinesubj "ped".
- Neonatal_withdrawal emedicinetopic "2760".
- Neonatal_withdrawal hasPhotoCollection Neonatal_withdrawal.
- Neonatal_withdrawal icd "779.5".
- Neonatal_withdrawal icd "P96.1".
- Neonatal_withdrawal medlineplus "7313".
- Neonatal_withdrawal meshid "D009357".
- Neonatal_withdrawal name "Neonatal withdrawal".
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Certain_conditions_originating_in_the_perinatal_period.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_disease.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Neonatal_withdrawal subject Category:Neonatology.
- Neonatal_withdrawal subject Category:Withdrawal_syndromes.
- Neonatal_withdrawal hypernym Syndrome.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Article.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Disease.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Article.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Disorder.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Syndrome.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Thing.
- Neonatal_withdrawal type Q12136.
- Neonatal_withdrawal comment "Neonatal withdrawal or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a withdrawal syndrome of infants, caused by the cessation of the administration of licit or illicit drugs. Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal may occur as a result of repeated administration of drugs or even after short-term high dose use—for example during mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. There are two types of NAS: prenatal and postnatal.".
- Neonatal_withdrawal label "Neonatal withdrawal".
- Neonatal_withdrawal sameAs m.0bs6_tg.
- Neonatal_withdrawal sameAs Q6993502.
- Neonatal_withdrawal sameAs Q6993502.
- Neonatal_withdrawal wasDerivedFrom Neonatal_withdrawal?oldid=679905027.
- Neonatal_withdrawal isPrimaryTopicOf Neonatal_withdrawal.
- Neonatal_withdrawal name "Neonatal withdrawal".