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- Murray_Leaf abstract "Murray John Leaf (born June 1, 1939) is an American social and cultural anthropologist. He was born in New York City in 1939, and grew up in Tucson, Arizona. After active duty for training in the United States Army Reserves in 1957, he attended the University of Arizona and Reed College, receiving a B.A. in Philosophy from Reed in 1961. He received a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1966. He has taught at Pomona College, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Texas at Dallas. In practical development work, Leaf has served as Senior Social Scientist on the Irrigation and Water Management and Training Project, in India (1987-89), Senior Socio-Economist for the Bangladesh Flood Response Study (1990-1993), and as a consultant to the United Nations Centre for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan (1991-95). He has served on the editorial board of Regional Development Dialogue, the journal of the United Nations Centre for Regional Development, and the online anthropological journal Mathematical Anthropology and Cultural Theory. He has held elected positions in the Culture and Agriculture section of the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Anthropological Sciences. Leaf’s central concern is the social nature of thought and its relation to organization. Methodologically, his argument is for radical empiricism in opposition to positivism, Marxism, interpretivism, and postmodernism. Major contributions fall into four areas: South Asian Studies, where he is primarily identified with studies of social organization, the Green Revolution, and Indian religion, especially Sikhism. Notable positions include rejecting scholarly claims for an all-encompassing “caste system” and social determinisim and arguing for organizational pluralism and individual instrumental rationality. History of anthropological theory, in which he was the first writer to discuss the topic in terms of long-standing philosophical and epistemological conflicts. Previously, the convention had been to write as though the field developed simply as an accumulation of “discoveries.” Leaf described the conflict as between monism and dualism, with the former represented in modern philosophy and epistemology by Skepticism and Pragmatism, and the latter by the various forms of idealism and materialism--including positivism and Marxism. Although subsequent writers have emphasized different issues, explicit discussion of philosophical and epistemological assumptions has now become common. He was also the first modern writer to call attention to the roots of anthropological theory in legal theory. General social theory, in which in the post-war period he was the second writer, after Fred Bailey, to explicitly repudiate the conception that the task of social analysis was to show the underlying unity of society or social structure. Leaf has argued consistently for organizational pluralism. In the sphere of culture, he has similarly argued that no community ever has a single unified system of ideas and values or “symbols and meanings,” at any level. There are always multiple, independent and often mutually opposed, cultural idea-systems. With Dwight Read, Michael Fischer, Douglas White, and others he has contributed to the development of methods for eliciting and describing such systems with previously unattained clarity and verifiability. These include the ideas that define kinship, religion, government, local organizations, and productive organizations. The theoretical effort includes developing a more general statement of Shannon and Weaver’s A Mathematical Theory of Communication. In development studies, he has been among a group of development specialists primarily drawn from anthropology, geography, and sociology, who have argued for the orientation that Michael Cernea and Robert Chambers have described s “putting people first.” Others have described it under the heading of promoting “people’s participation” in project design and management. The orientation rejects both dirigiste central planning and laissez-faire neo-liberalism, with their respective theoretical justifications. Books: Information and Behavior in a Sikh Village. (1972) Frontiers of Anthropology. (with B.F. Campbell, C. Cronin, G. DeVos, W.A. Longacre, M. McClaran, F.T. Plog, J.H. Prost, and R. Wagner). (1974) Man, Mind, and Science: A History of Anthropology. (1979) Song of Hope: The Green Revolution in a Panjab Village. (1984) Pragmatism and Development: the Prospect for Pluralism in the Third World. (1998)Notable articles and book chapters: 1971 "Baking and Roasting: A Compact Demonstration of a Cultural Code," in American Anthropologist. 1971 "The Punjabi Kinship Terminology as a Semantic System," American Anthropologist. 1983 "The Green Revolution and Cultural Change in a Panjab Village, 1965 - 1978." Economic Development and Cultural Change. 1985 "The Punjab Crisis" in Asian Survey.1992 "Irrigation and Authority in Rajasthan" Ethnology. 2003 “Ethnography and Pragmatism” in Alfonso Morales, ed. Renascent Pragmatism. 2003 “Pragmatic Legal Norms” in Alfonso Morales, ed. Renascent Pragmatism. 2004 “What is “Formal” Analysis?” In Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal2005 “The Message is the Medium: Language, Culture and Informatics” In Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal.2005 “Romanticism, Meaning, and Science” in Language, Culture and the Individual: A Tribute to Paul Friedrich. Catherine O’neil, Mary Scoggin, and Kevin Tuite, eds.".
- Murray_Leaf birthDate "1939-06-01".
- Murray_Leaf birthPlace New_York_City.
- Murray_Leaf birthYear "1939".
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageExternalLink anthrosciences.org.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageExternalLink PanelSessionPapersVienna.PDF.
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- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink A_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink American_Anthropological_Association.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Anthropology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Caste.
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- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:1939_births.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_anthropologists.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_sociologists.
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- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:Men_sociologists.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pomona_College_faculty.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:Reed_College_alumni.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:Social_anthropologists.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Arizona_alumni.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_faculty.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Chicago_alumni.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Texas_at_Dallas_faculty.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Cultural_anthropologist.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Cultural_anthropology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Development_studies.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Dirigisme.
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- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Douglas_R._White.
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- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Dualism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Geography.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Government.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Green_Revolution.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink History_of_anthropology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Idealism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Indian_religion.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Indian_religions.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Instrumental_rationality.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Kevin_Tuite.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Kinship.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Laissez-faire.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Law.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Legal_theory.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Marxism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Materialism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Michael_Cernea.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Monism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Nagoya.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Nagoya,_Japan.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Neo-liberalism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Neoliberalism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink New_York_City.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Participatory_organization.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Pomona_College.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Positivism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Pragmatism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Reed_College.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Religion.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Chambers_(development_scholar).
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Sikhism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Skepticism.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Social_Anthropology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Social_anthropology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Social_organization.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Social_structure.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Society_for_Anthropological_Sciences.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Society_for_anthropological_sciences.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink Sociology.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink United_Nations.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Arizona.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink University_of_California,_Los_Angeles.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Chicago.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Texas_at_Dallas.
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageWikiLinkText "Murray Leaf".
- Murray_Leaf dateOfBirth "1939-06-01".
- Murray_Leaf hasPhotoCollection Murray_Leaf.
- Murray_Leaf name "Leaf, Murray".
- Murray_Leaf placeOfBirth "New York City, NY, USA".
- Murray_Leaf shortDescription "American social and cultural anthropologist".
- Murray_Leaf wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Murray_Leaf description "American social and cultural anthropologist".
- Murray_Leaf description "American social and cultural anthropologist".
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:1939_births.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:American_anthropologists.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:American_sociologists.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:Living_people.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:Men_sociologists.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:Pomona_College_faculty.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:Reed_College_alumni.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:Social_anthropologists.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:University_of_Arizona_alumni.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_faculty.
- Murray_Leaf subject Category:University_of_Chicago_alumni.