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- Mikhail_Mishaqa abstract "Mikhail Mishaqa (1800–1888; Arabic: ميخائيل مشاقة), also known as Doctor Mishaqa, was born in Rashmayyā, Lebanon, and is reputed to be "the first historian of modern Ottoman Syria" as well as the "virtual founder of the twenty-four equal quarter tone scale". Mishaqa's memoir of the 1860 Syrian Civil War is valuable to historians, as it is the only account written by a survivor of the massacre of Syrian Christians in Damascus, Syria.Mikhail's great-grandfather, Jirjis Mishaqa I, converted to Greek Catholicism. Jirjis' father, Youssef Petraki, an ethnic Christian Orthodox Greek, moved from Corfu, Greece to Tripoli, Lebanon to pursue the silk trade. As such, Petraki, named himself after an Arabic term describing the process of filtering silk fibers, mishaqa (مشقة). Mikhail's father, Jirjis Mishaqa II, moved to Deir al-Qamar, then controlled by the Shihabs, to escape the religious repression of al-Jazzar, the governor of Sidon. He began a career as a goldsmith but became a scribe and then chief treasurer for the Amir of Mount Lebanon, Bashir II's household. According to Leila Fawaz, Mikhail was well-educated; At the first opportunity he showed of his knowledge and the ignorance of the offender. In such ways, Mishaqa continued to educate himself. He taught himself medicine and became a doctor; in 1859 he was appointed vice-consul of the United States in Damascus.In 1848, Dr. Mishaqa converted from Greek Catholicism to Protestantism, after coming in contact with American Protestant missionaries.According to Touma, Mishaqa was the first theorist to propose a division of the octave into roughly twenty-four equal intervals (24-tone equal temperament, quarter tone scale, About this sound Play ), this being the current basis of the Arab tone system. However, Mishaqa's work Essay on the Art of Music for the Emir Shihāb (الرسالة الشهابية في الصناعة الموسيقية, al-Risāla al-shihābiyya fī 'l-ṣinā‘a al-mūsīqiyya) (c. 1840) is devoted to the topic but also makes clear his teacher Sheikh Muhammad al-‘Attār (1764–1828) was one of many already familiar with the concept, although al-‘Attār did not publish his writings on the subject.Mishaqa's most important works as a historian include the much quoted A Response to a Proposition by Beloved Ones (الجواب على إقتراح الأحباب, al-Jawāb `alā Iqtirāḥ al-Aḥbāb) (1873) and, possibly, Miha’il Dimashqi's highly similar History of events which took place in Syria on its coast and the Mount in 1782-1841 (ـاريـخ حـوادث جـرت بـالـشـام و سـواحـل بـر الـشـام و الـجـبـل، 1782-1841 م Ta’rih Hawadit Jarat bil-Sham wa-Sawahil Barr al-Sham wa-l-Jabal, 1782-1841 m) (1843).".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthDate "1800".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthDate "1800-03-20".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthPlace Ottoman_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthPlace Rechmaya.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthYear "1800".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathDate "1888-07-19".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathPlace Damascus.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathPlace Ottoman_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathYear "1888".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa knownFor Damascus.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa thumbnail Mikhail_Mishaqa_US_Vice_Consul_in_1859.jpg?width=300.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageExternalLink mishaqa_en.html.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageID "16687076".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageLength "6634".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageOutDegree "47".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageRevisionID "679062305".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink 1860_Druze–Maronite_conflict.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink 1860_Mount_Lebanon_civil_war.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Al-Jazzar.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Arab_tone_system.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Arabic_maqam.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Bashir_Shihab_II.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:1800_births.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Arab_Christians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Converts_to_Protestantism_from_Roman_Catholicism.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Historians_of_the_Middle_East.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lebanese_people_of_Greek_descent.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Middle_Eastern_Christians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Music_theorists.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Musical_tuning.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ottoman_historians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Protestantism_in_Lebanon.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Category:Year_of_death_missing.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Chehab_family.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Christianity_in_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Corfu.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Corfu,_Greece.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Damascus.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Deir_al-Qamar.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Deir_el_Qamar.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Catholic_Churches.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Emir.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Equal_temperament.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Goldsmith.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Greek_Catholicism.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Greek_Orthodox.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Greek_Orthodox_Church.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Greeks.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Habib_Hassan_Touma.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Jezzar_Pasha.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Mount_Lebanon.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Muhammad_al-‘Attār.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Music_theory.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Octave.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Ottoman_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Protestantism.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Quarter_tone.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Quarter_tone_scale.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Rechmaya.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Scribe.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Shihabs.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Sidon.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Treasurer.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Tripoli,_Lebanon.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLink Wali.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mikhail Mishaqa".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthDate "1800-03-20".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthPlace Ottoman_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa birthPlace Rechmaya.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa caption "first US Vice Consul in Damascus in 1859".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa dateOfBirth "1800".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathDate "1888-07-19".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathPlace Damascus.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa deathPlace Ottoman_Syria.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa hasPhotoCollection Mikhail_Mishaqa.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa knownFor "diplomat, physician, historian, musical theorist, businessman, first vice-consul of USA in Damascus in 1859-1870".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa name "Mikhail Mishaqa".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa name "Mishaqa, Mikhail".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa shortDescription "Lebanese historian".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Audio.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_person.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-ar.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:When.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa description "Lebanese historian".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa description "Lebanese historian".
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:1800_births.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Arab_Christians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Converts_to_Protestantism_from_Roman_Catholicism.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Historians_of_the_Middle_East.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Lebanese_people_of_Greek_descent.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Middle_Eastern_Christians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Music_theorists.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Musical_tuning.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Ottoman_historians.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Protestantism_in_Lebanon.
- Mikhail_Mishaqa subject Category:Year_of_death_missing.