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- Mamluk abstract "Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property" or "owned slave" of the king, also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves. More specifically, it refers to: Khwarazmian dynasty in Persia (1077–1231) Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi) (1206–1290) Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) (1250–1517) Mamluk dynasty of Iraq (1704–1831, under Ottoman Iraq)The most enduring Mamluk realm was the military caste in medieval Egypt that rose from the ranks of slave soldiers who were mainly of Kipchak, Turkic, Circassian, Georgian, and Egyptian origin who were seeking of influential positions in their country of origin. Many Mamluks could also be of Balkan origin (Albanian, Greek, and South Slavic). The "mamluk phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior class, was of great political importance and was extraordinarily long-lived, lasting from the 9th to the 19th centuries AD.Over time, mamluks became a powerful military caste in various societies that were controlled by Muslim rulers. Particularly in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Mesopotamia, and India, mamluks held political and military power. In some cases, they attained the rank of sultan, while in others they held regional power as amirs or beys. Most notably, mamluk factions seized the sultanate for themselves in Egypt and Syria in a period known as the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). The Mamluk Sultanate famously beat back the troops of the Ilkhanate at the Battle of Ain Jalut and fought the Crusaders, effectively driving them out from the Levant and Egypt in 1213-1221 and 1154-1169 then officially in 1302 from the Levant ending the era of the Crusades.While mamluks were purchased, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. In places such as Egypt from the Ayyubid dynasty to the time of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, mamluks were considered to be “true lords" and "true warriors" with social status above the general population in Egypt and the Levant.".
- Mamluk thumbnail A_Mamluk_from_Aleppo.jpg?width=300.
- Mamluk wikiPageExternalLink mamluk.uchicago.edu.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink 13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Abbasid.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Abbasid_Caliph.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Abbasid_Caliphate.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Abdullah_Pasha_ibn_Ali.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Acre,_Israel.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Adana.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Aden.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Afonso_de_Albuquerque.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Ahmad_Pasha_of_Baghdad.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Adil.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Adil_I.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Adil_Kitbugha.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf_Khalil.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf_Qansuh_al-Ghawri.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf_Salah-ad-Din_Khalil.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf_Shaban.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Ashraf_Zein_al-Din_Abu_al-Maali_ibn_Shaban.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Basasiri.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Kamil_Saif_ad-Din_Shaban.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mansur_Ala-ad-Din_Ali_Ibn_al-Ashraf_Shaban.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mansur_Ali.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mansur_Salah-ad-Din_Mohamed_Ibn_Hajji.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Muazzam_Turanshah.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Muizz_Izz-ad-Din_Aybak.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mustain_(Cairo).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mutasim.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Mutawakkil.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Muwaffaq.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Muzaffar_Rukn-ad-Din_Baybars_II_al-Jashankir.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Muzaffar_Zein-ad-Din_Hajji.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Nasir_Badr-ad-Din_Abu_al-Maaly_al-Hassan.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Nasir_Muhammad.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Said_Barakah.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Al-Salih_Imad-ad-Din_Ismail.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Ala_ud_din_Masud.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Albanians.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Ali_Bey_al-Kabir.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Ali_Pasha_of_Baghdad.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Amir.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink An-Nasir_Muhammad.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Anarchy_at_Samarra.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Antioch.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Arabia.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Arabian_Peninsula.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Arabic.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Arabic_language.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Arabic_transliteration.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Aram_Shah.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Armenians.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Armxc3xa9e_dOrient_(1798).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink As-Salih_Ayyub.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Atabeg.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Aybak.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Ayyubid_dynasty.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Badi_VII.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Baghdad.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Bahri_dynasty.
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- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Barsbay.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Ain_Jalut.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Baghdad_(1258).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chaldiran.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chaul.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chaul_(1508).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Diu_(1509).
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Marj_Dabiq.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Wadi_al-Khazandar.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Nile.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Pyramids.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Bayezid_I.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Bayezid_II.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Bey.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Beylik_of_Dulkadir.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Black_Guard.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Burji_dynasty.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Buyid_dynasty.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Buyids.
- Mamluk wikiPageWikiLink Caesarea.