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- Loss-of-coolant_accident abstract "A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor; if not managed effectively, the results of a LOCA could result in reactor core damage. Each nuclear plant's emergency core cooling system (ECCS) exists specifically to deal with a LOCA.Nuclear reactors generate heat internally; to remove this heat and convert it into useful electrical power, a coolant system is used. If this coolant flow is reduced, or lost altogether, the nuclear reactor's emergency shutdown system is designed to stop the fission chain reaction. However, due to radioactive decay the nuclear fuel will continue to generate a significant amount of heat. The decay heat produced by a reactor shutdown from full power is initially equivalent to about 5 to 6% of thethermal rating of the reactor. If all of the independent cooling trains of the ECCS fail to operate as designed, this heat can increase the fuel temperature to the point of damaging the reactor. If water is present, it may boil, bursting out of its pipes. (For this reason, nuclear power plants are equipped with pressure-operated relief valves and backup supplies of cooling water.)If graphite and air are present, the graphite may catch fire, spreading radioactive contamination. This situation exists only in AGRs, RBMKs, Magnox and weapons-production reactors, which use graphite as a neutron moderator. (see Chernobyl disaster and Windscale fire.)The fuel and reactor internals may melt; if the melted configuration remains critical, the molten mass will continue to generate heat, possibly melting its way down through the bottom of the reactor. Such an event is called a nuclear meltdown and can have severe consequences. The so-called "China syndrome" would be this process taken to an extreme: the molten mass working its way down through the soil to the water table (and below) - however, current understanding and experience of nuclear fission reactions suggests that the molten mass would become too disrupted to carry on heat generation before descending very far; for example, in the Chernobyl disaster the reactor core melted and core material was found in the basement, too widely dispersed to carry on a chain reaction (but still dangerously radioactive).Some reactor designs have passive safety features that prevent meltdowns from occurring in these extreme circumstances. The Pebble Bed Reactor, for instance, can withstand extreme temperature transients in its fuel. Another example is the CANDU reactor, which has two large masses of relatively cool, low-pressure water (first is the heavy-water moderator; second is the light-water-filled shield tank) that act as heat sinks. Another example is the Hydrogen Moderated Self-regulating Nuclear Power Module, in which the chemical decomposition of the uranium hydride fuel halts the fission reaction by removing the hydrogen moderator. The same principle is used in TRIGA research reactors. Under operating conditions, a reactor may passively (that is, in the absence of any control systems) increase or decrease its power output in the event of a LOCA or of voids appearing in its coolant system (by water boiling, for example). This is measured by the coolant void coefficient. Most modern nuclear power plants have a negative void coefficient, indicating that as water turns to steam, power instantly decreases. Two exceptions are the Russian RBMK and the Canadian CANDU. Boiling water reactors, on the other hand, are designed to have steam voids inside the reactor vessel.Modern reactors are designed to prevent and withstand loss of coolant, regardless of their void coefficient, using various techniques. Some, such as the pebble bed reactor, passively slow down the chain reaction when coolant is lost; others have extensive safety systems to rapidly shut down the chain reaction, and may have extensive passive safety systems (such as a large thermal heat sink around the reactor core, passively-activated backup cooling/condensing systems, or a passively cooled containment structure) that mitigate the risk of further damage.".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageID "918900".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageLength "7203".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageOutDegree "52".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageRevisionID "671383772".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Advanced_gas-cooled_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Atucha_I_Nuclear_Power_Plant.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Behavior_of_nuclear_fuel_during_a_reactor_accident.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Boiling_water_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink CANDU.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink CANDU_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Civilian_nuclear_power_accidents.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_reactors.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_safety.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Chernobyl_disaster.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Combustion.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Containment_building.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Coolant.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Decay_heat.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Emergency_core_cooling_system.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Graphite.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Heavy_water_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen-moderated_self-regulating_nuclear_power_module.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_Moderated_Self-regulating_Nuclear_Power_Module.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Light_water_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Light_water_reactors.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Magnox.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_moderator.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_accidents_in_the_United_States.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_fission.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_fuel_response_to_reactor_accidents.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_meltdown.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power_plant.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reactor_accidents_in_the_United_States.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reactor_safety_systems.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_safety.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_safety_and_security.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_safety_in_the_U.S..
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_safety_in_the_United_States.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Passive_nuclear_safety.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Pebble-bed_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Pebble_Bed_Reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Pebble_bed_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Pressurised_heavy_water_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Pressurized_water_reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink RBMK.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Radioactive_contamination.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Radioactive_decay.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Relief_valve.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink SCRAM.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Scram.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink TRIGA.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Uranium_hydride.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Void_coefficient.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Water_table.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLink Windscale_fire.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "LBLOCA".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "LOCA".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "Loss Of Coolant Accidents".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "Loss-of-coolant accident".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "lack of cooling".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "loss of coolant accidents".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "loss of coolant".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageWikiLinkText "loss-of-coolant accident".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident hasPhotoCollection Loss-of-coolant_accident.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Portal_bar.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident subject Category:Civilian_nuclear_power_accidents.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident subject Category:Nuclear_reactors.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident subject Category:Nuclear_safety.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident hypernym Mode.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Article.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Single.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Station.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Accident.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Article.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Reactor.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident type Station.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident comment "A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor; if not managed effectively, the results of a LOCA could result in reactor core damage. Each nuclear plant's emergency core cooling system (ECCS) exists specifically to deal with a LOCA.Nuclear reactors generate heat internally; to remove this heat and convert it into useful electrical power, a coolant system is used.".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident label "Loss-of-coolant accident".
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs Kühlmittelverluststörfall.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs Pérdida_accidental_de_refrigerante.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs LOCA.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs 冷却材喪失事故.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs 냉각재_상실사고.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs Loss-of-coolant_accident.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs m.03pvst.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs Q1071740.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident sameAs Q1071740.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident wasDerivedFrom Loss-of-coolant_accident?oldid=671383772.
- Loss-of-coolant_accident isPrimaryTopicOf Loss-of-coolant_accident.